高壓操作的危險系數極高，壓力過載引起的事故將對環境、設備及工作人員造成巨大的傷害，這是任何人都不希望看到的災難。降低生產井及油氣輸送設施壓力風險重要性不言而喻，油田開發商對于此類操作系統一直有強烈的訴求，為此，Cameron帶來了完美解決方案—HIPPS。
HIPPS是Cameron開發的一款壓力設備完整性保護系統，具有獨立的操作系統，相對于常規的緊急關停系統可靠性更高。HIPPS同時滿足海上和陸地油田對生產及儲運設備的壓力控制要求，通過監測和控制設備壓力，防止其超過系統設定的極限值，降低系統發生危險的概率。石油圈原創www.h29736.cn
HIPPS采用Cameron公司成熟的閥門、觸發器工藝，例如符合API 6A標準的FLS平板閥和GROVE球閥，氣控和液壓控制觸發器包括Saf-T-Gard MH和LEDEEN系列，目前HIPPS系統已經通過了SIL3認證。在應用中，HIPPS通常作為油田高壓設備與低壓設備之間的過渡段，是一道可靠的屏障。
HIPPS是Cameron對其產品有效整合的結果，HIPPS操作、控制系統獨立，在油氣開采的各個階段都能發揮巨大作用。該系統主要包括三個模塊：閥門、觸發器/控制裝置、邏輯解算器。為了滿足不同的應用，Cameron提供多種配置的HIPPS系統，包括獨立的機械及電子控制程序。
液壓HIPPS系統石油圈原創www.h29736.cn
液壓（機械）HIPPS系統是一種獨立的自控制系統，主要結構包括壓力傳感器（1oo2模式）、液壓解決方案和兩個彈簧控制-液壓觸發安全閥。HIPPS無需外配電源，本身發電量即滿足應用要求，根據具體情況還可配置實時控制系統（HPU）。
在正常工作情況下，HIPPS為安全閥門提供壓力，使其保持打開狀態，直至系統檢測到設備壓力發生異常。當HIPPS檢測到設備壓力出現異常，即可立即觸發兩個安全閥，保護后續設備不受損壞。
（注：1oo2—同時有兩個傳感器，當有任何一個達到警報值時，觸發器即觸發；2oo3—同時有三個傳感器，當有任意兩個達到警報值，觸發器觸發）
電子控制HIPPS系統石油圈原創www.h29736.cn
電子HIPPS系統也是一種獨立控制的設備壓力完整性保護系統，主要包括壓力發射器（2oo3模式）、電子邏輯解算器和兩個彈簧控制-液壓觸發安全閥。該系統既可使用外帶電源，也可使用手動控制泵/HPU進行自身發電提供能量。
HIPPS工作原理石油圈原創www.h29736.cn
HIPPS的主要功能是檢測壓力異常情況，之后自動打開隔離閥，保護后續設備不受損壞。如上文提到那樣，HIPPS是一個完全獨立的操作系統，與油田生產設施的過程控制關停系統（PSD）、緊急關停系統（ESD）以及控制系統互不干擾。石油圈原創www.h29736.cn
HIPPS不只是一個檢測壓力異常、自動關閉閥門的保護系統，還可以根據需要配置其他功能，比如監測設備動力信號等。通常情況來說，HIPPS通過檢測信號異常做出各種決策，比如儀表氣源丟失、液壓不足、電壓不足或是設備信號缺失等，各種信號在決策過程中均保持獨立性，不會互相干擾。為了提高作業的安全性，HIPPS還具有冗余設計，最大化系統適用性和設備穩定性。
安全儀表系統（SIS）石油圈原創www.h29736.cn
SIS是一種有效防止事故發生、降低事故發生幾率的控制程序，在設備發生異常時，SIS會根據預先設定的處理方案將異常狀況平復。在應用中，SIS有多種形式，包括ESD、安全鎖系統、安全關停系統等，而每一種SIS都具有完整的安全儀表功能（SIFs）。
SIF系統都包括邏輯解算器、傳感器、電磁閥以及終端控制模塊（如自動控制閥）。SIS定義內的SIF系統具有一個完整性安全等級（SIL）模塊，根據失效概率（PFD）衡量生產設施的運行狀態。根據設備及流程的不同，SIL可能會有略微差別，但是對于一個完整系統而言，每個安全模塊的SIL也不必完全相同。
一般情況下，HIPPS系統包含兩個ESD閥門、1oo2模式邏輯解算器、3個2oo3模式壓強傳送器。具體組成模塊如下：
- 壓力、流速傳感器有1oo2或/和2oo3兩種模式；石油圈原創www.h29736.cn
- 邏輯解碼器可高效處理傳感器數據，是HIPPS系統的決策依據；
- 滿足SIL 3標準的決策模塊，保證系統處于安全運行狀態，杜絕高壓隱患。
相對于常規PSD和ESD系統，HIPPS獨立儀表系統的完整性更高，該系統可滿足陸地及海上油田的壓力等級控制要求，保持生產設備完整性。
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來自/Cameron ? 譯者/張德凱 ? 編輯/Leia
When operating in high-pressure environments and production fields, an overpressure event can cause damage to the environment, infrastructure, and personnel. Mitigating that risk on production wells and flowlines is a challenge that can be met with a HIPPS.
The Cameron high integrity pressure protection system (HIPPS) is an independently instrumented system designed with higher integrity than process shutdown and emergency shutdown systems. Suitable for onshore and offshore installations requiring high integrity pressure protection of downstream systems, HIPPS is used to prevent a system from exceeding its rated pressure level. The HIPPS is SIL3 certified and incorporates our field-proven valves and actuators, such as FLS* extreme service API 6A slab-style gate valves and GROVE* valves. Pneumatic and hydraulic actuators such as Saf-T-Gard MH Series hydraulic piston actuators and LEDEEN* actuators are supplied. A HIPPS system is considered the barrier between the high and low pressure sections of an installation or production facility.
The HIPPS system combines Cameron products into an independent, stand-alone system for any application within the oil and gas industry. HIPPS systems consist of three elements — valves, actuators and controls, and a logic solver. Cameron provides HIPPS systems in a variety of configurations, including mechanical and electronic standalone packages.
Hydraulic HIPPS
The intended use of the hydraulic (mechanical) HIPPS system is to provide a self-contained independent protection system operated in the demand mode with one out of two voting pressure sensor inputs, hydraulic logic solver, and two spring return hydraulically actuated safety valves. The unit is typically self-powered and can be provided with additional real-time controls (HPU). This pressurizes the system and opens the safety shutdown valves. The system remains open (armed) until an abnormal condition is detected. Once an abnormal condition is detected, the system closes the two actuated final element valves protecting the downstream production or facility.
Electronic HIPPS
The intended use of the electronic HIPPS system is to provide a self-contained independent high protection system operated in the demand mode with two out of three voting pressure transmitter inputs, electronic logic solver, and two spring return hydraulically actuated safety valves. The unit can be self-powered with a manual hand pump/HPU, and can also be configured to operate using facility power sources. This pressurizes the system and opens the safety shutdown valves. The system remains open (armed) until an abnormal condition is detected. Once an abnormal condition is detected, the system closes the two actuated final element valves protecting the downstream production or facility.
How a HIPPS Works
The primary function of HIPPS is to detect high-pressure conditions and close isolation valves to protect lower-rated downstream infrastructure. The system operates autonomously and is independent of the facilities’ process shutdown (PSD), emergency shutdown (ESD), or control systems. HIPPS are fail-close by design based on the signal of an overpressure event and can be configured to operate on other events, such as a loss of motive power of instrument signal. It is typically fail-close for any loss of instrument air, hydraulic power, electric power, or instrument signals. Each HIPPS loop is independent. A HIPPS is designed with redundant safety functions to reduce the risk of failure on demand and to maximize availability.
Safety Instrumented Systems
A safety instrumented system (SIS) prevents or reduces hazardous events by taking a process to a safe state when predetermined conditions are met. An SIS can be an ESD, safety interlock system, or safety shutdown system. Each SIS has one or more safety instrumented functions (SIFs).
Each SIF loop is a combination of logic solvers, sensors, solenoids, and final control elements, such as an automated valve. Every SIF within an SIS will have a safety integrity level (SIL), which is a measure of the system performance in terms of probability of failure on demand (PFD). These SIL levels may be the same or may differ depending on the process. An entire system does not need to have the same SIL level for each safety function.
The Cameron HIPPS comprises two ESD valves, a 1oo2 logic solver, and typically three pressure transmitters with 2oo3 voting logic.
Components include:
- sensors that detect high pressures or flow rates 1oo2, 2oo3, or both;
- logic solver that processes the input from the sensors to the final element;
- SIL 3 rated final elements that bring the process to a final safe state, isolating the source of overpressure.
The Cameron HIPPS is an independently instrumented system designed with higher integrity compared with PSD and ESD systems. Suitable for onshore and offshore installations requiring high-integrity pressure protection of downstream systems, a HIPPS is used to prevent a system from exceeding its rated pressure level. The Cameron HIPPS is SIL 3 certified and incorporates our field-proven valves and actuators, such as the FLS* extreme service API 6A slab-style gate valve and GROVE* valves. Pneumatic and hydraulic actuators, such as the Saf-T-Gard* MH Series hydraulic piston actuators and LEDEEN* actuators, are supplied. A HIPPS is considered the barrier between the high- and low-pressure sections of an installation or production facility.
The HIPPS combines Cameron products into an independent, stand-alone system for any application within the oil and gas industry. Cameron provides the systems in a variety of configurations, including mechanical and electronic standalone packages.
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