Endura雙管串鍛銑工具（DSSM）能有效地將井眼中的基巖暴露出來，以獲得更好的水泥與地層膠結。
來自 | 威德福
編譯 | 覃樂
通常情況下，為防止碳氫化合物在封堵井和棄井內遷移最有效的方法是創造一個巖石到巖石、水泥對地層的膠結。Weatherford Endura雙管串鍛銑工具（DSSM）使用了專門設計的刀片和穩定器，通過對相鄰套管串套管的磨銑，快速而有效地穿透井眼，以達到上述目的。單獨的磨銑和扶正刀片在提供雙扶正作用的同時，能夠產生更細、更易于處理的切削。
工具描述
來自Weatherford公司的Endura DSSM能夠磨銑外徑7in到9 5/8in和13 5/8in(244至346mm)的內外套管串。其配備的兩個穩定器——液壓、膨脹式穩定器和集成式穩定器，可以確保最佳的磨銑表現。
在用標準鍛銑工具將部分內層套管去掉后，DSSM細長的8 1/4in（210mm）外尺寸能使磨銑刀片通過內管串進入外部。位于DSSM底部的一個液壓、膨脹式穩定器通過膨脹使該工具居中于外套管串內以阻止其側向移動。然后切割刀片隨著內置整體式穩定器張開，并開始磨銑工序。最后再由17in (432-mm)全尺寸磨銑刀片磨銑較長套管段。
通過徹底去除套管，磨銑段能為永久裸眼水泥塞提供井眼條件。在這種情況下，DSSM較小的外尺寸能夠幫助解決與封堵棄井(P&A)鍛銑相關的常規問題，同時有助于履行一些棄井施工需滿足的最嚴格的監管要求。
磨銑刀片
應用
（1）任何環境下的封堵棄井施工；
（2）磨銑7in到9 5/8in和13 5/8in(244- to 346-mm)的套管串。
特點和優勢
（1）Endura雙管串鍛銑工具(DSSM)能通過磨銑內外套管串提高封堵棄井（P&A）施工效率；
（2）DSSM擁有雙穩定器以確保最佳的磨銑表現；
（3）其磨銑距離能為水泥塞封堵提供有效井眼條件；
（4）DSSM有助于履行一些棄井施工需滿足的最嚴格的監管要求。
參數規格
扣型：4-1/2 IF /NC 50
工具外徑：8-1/4 in. (210 mm)
工具內徑：2-1/4 in. (57 mm)
工具長度：19-1/2 in. (495 mm)
本體額定扭矩：38,000 ft/lb (51,521 N?m)
銑刀額定扭矩：15,000 ft/lb (20,337 N?m)
最大磨銑范圍：14-1/2 in. (368 mm)
磨銑套管尺寸：9-5/8 to 13-5/8 in. (244 to 346 mm)
磨銑和封堵流程
（1）在9 5/8-in套管上開窗以后，穩定器在外層13 3/8in套管內張開。
（2）切削刀片將13 3/8in套管割穿，為磨銑做準備。
（3）17in的磨銑刀片（0.43m）磨銑100英尺（30m米）的剩余部分。
（4）固井形成有效的水泥對地層的膠結。
實用案例
Endura雙管串鍛銑工具(DSSM)第一次用于海上作業，提供裸眼水泥塞封堵，不僅為客戶節省了鉆井時間，還節約了188萬美元。
目標
（1）甲方在9 5/8in和13 3/8in套管環空回填水泥失敗后，釋放環空壓力；
（2）最大限度減少磨銑起下鉆次數，施工時間及花費；
（3）創建一個干凈的窗口以容納切割組件；
（4）去除13 3/8-in部分套管，為水泥封堵提供空間；
（5）嚴格遵守行業P＆A（封堵棄井）規定。
解決方案
（1）使用A-1鍛銑工具去除9 5/8in套管115ft（35m）長度，以形成一個清潔的可用窗口；
（2）首次下入Weatherford Endura雙管串鍛銑工具（DSSM），下至設計深度并成功完成切管施工；
（3）磨銑刀片入井，去除98ft（30米）的13 3/8in套管，使操作者能夠在甲方最嚴格的監管要求下，進行裸眼水泥塞施工。
效果
（1）一次起下鉆作業就能創建了一個干凈的窗口，節省了大量鉆井時間并實現了割管作業；
（2）9 5/8in和13 3/8in部分套管被去除，為裸眼水泥塞提供空間以釋放環空壓力；
（3）使用Endura鍛銑工具為甲方節省鉆井時間4.9天、節約180萬美元，并通過減少須磨銑的套管量來最大限度地減少作業風險；
（4）該施工在甲方嚴格的P＆A管理規定下成功完成。
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Endura? Dual-String Section Mill
Mills inner and outer casing strings in plug-and-abandonment (P&A) operations
The most effective way to prevent hydrocarbon migration in wells that have been plugged and abandoned is to create a rock-to-rock, cement-to--formation bond. The Weatherford Endura dual-string section mill (DSSM) accomplishes this with the use of specially designed blades and stabilizers that enable through-casing milling of the adjacent string of casing to access the borehole quickly and efficiently. Separate milling and stabilizer blades provide two points of stabilization while creating finer, more manageable cuttings.
Tool Description
The Weatherford Endura DSSM mills inner and outer casing strings with diameters from 7″ to 9-5/8″ and 13-5/8 in. (244 to 346 mm). The DSSM includes two points of stabilization for optimal milling performance: a hydraulic, expandable stabilizer and an integral stabilizer.
After the section of inner casing is removed with the standard section mill, the slim OD of the DSSM enables the mill to return through this inner casing to the open section. The hydraulic, expandable stabilizer—located on the bottom stage of the DSSM—brings the tool to the center of the outer casing string and prevents lateral movement by expanding to the inside diameter (ID) of the outer casing. The cutting blades then expand with the built-in integral stabilizer to begin the milling process. The 17-in. (432-mm), full-gauge milling blades enable milling long casing sections.
By completely removing casing, the milling run prepares wellbores for permanent rock-to-rock cement plugging. In doing so, the DSSM helps to address common problems associated with section milling in P&A operations and to fulfill some of the most stringent regulatory requirements for well abandonment.
Applications
P&A operations in any environment
Milling 7″ to 9-5/8″ and 13 5/8-in. (244- to 346-mm) casing strings
Features and Benefits
The Endura dual-string section mill (DSSM) enhances the efficiency of P&A operations by milling both inner and outer casing strings.
The DSSM has two stabilizers for optimal milling performance.
The milling run efficiently prepares wellbores for cement plugging.
The DSSM helps to fulfill some of the most stringent regulatory requirements for well abandonment.
STAGES OF MILLING AND PLUGGING
1.After cutting a window in the 9 5/8-in. casing, the stabilizer expands inside the 13 3/8-in. casing.
2.Cutting blades cut a window through the 13 3/8-in. casing to prepare for the milling blades.
3. The 17-in. (0.43-m) milling blades mill the remainder of the 100-ft (30-m) section.
4. Cementing forms a competent cement-to-formation bond.
Endura? Dual-String Section Mill Deployed Offshore for First Time to Provide Rock-to-Rock Cement Barrier, Saves $1.88 Million in Rig Time
Objectives
Relieve pressure on two annuli, where a top-up cement job between the 9 5/8-in. and 13 3/8-in. casing annulus was performed without success by the operator.
Minimize milling trips and operational time and expense.
Create a clean window to deploy cut out assembly.
Remove section of 13 3/8-in. casing to enable a cement barrier installation.
Adhere to strict industry P&A regulations.
Our Approach
An A-1 section mill was used to remove a 115-ft (35-m) section of 9 5/8‐in. casing, facilitating a clean, usable window.
The Weatherford Endura dual-string section mill (DSSM) was deployed for the first time, reaching TD and performing the cut out successfully.
A milling-blade tool was run in hole, removing 98 ft (30 m) of 13 3/8-in. casing, enabling the operator to install a rock-to-rock cement barrier within the operator’s stringent P&A regulations.
Value to Client
?A clean window was created in a single trip, saving significant rig time and enabling the cut out operation to be performed.
?The 9 5/8-in. and 13 3/8-in. casing sections were removed, allowing the cement barrier to be installed to relieve pressure on the annuli.
?The use of the Endura section mill saved the operator 4.9 days of rig time valued at US $1.8 million, and minimized operational risk by reducing the amount of casing that had to be milled.
?The operation was performed successfully within the operator’s strict P&A regulations
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