石油圈中國石化新聞網訊 據管道油氣報3月13日報道，伊斯蘭堡（路透社）一名高級官員表示，巴基斯坦計劃在明年提供數十個天然氣田特許權以彌補燃料短缺，伊斯蘭堡希望激進暴力事件的急劇下降以及勘探政策的變化將吸引外國投資者。為了鼓勵發展，政府還計劃使其管道系統更容易獲得和負擔得起。 “如今管道系統正在運行的整個機制正在被重新審視，以使其更加放松管制，使其更加開放?！?盡管可以追溯到20世紀50年代，但大部分富含礦物質的南亞國家仍未開發天然氣。傳統的天然氣儲量估計為20萬億立方英尺，即560億立方米，頁巖氣儲量未受影響，超過100萬億立方英尺。 意大利埃尼集團和美國石油巨頭?？松梨谡诼摵香@探巴基斯坦阿拉伯海的天然氣，但是由于伊斯蘭激進的暴力事件，許多其他西方公司在十多年前離開后還沒有返回。 總理伊姆蘭汗的能源改革工作組負責人納迪姆巴巴爾告訴路透社，政府正在修改其天然氣監管并制定其首個頁巖氣政策，今年晚些時候將發布許可證。 政府希望近幾年可以提高安全性，這樣廣泛的管道網絡將吸引到投資者。 巴巴爾在其位于首都伊斯蘭堡的辦公室表示，目前已確定30多個陸上天然氣區塊，政府計劃在2019年底前通過一到兩輪授權招標，拍賣其中的大部分區塊。 我預計今年下半年我們將拍賣至少10個、甚至20個勘探區塊?！?巴基斯坦石油部的一份年度報告顯示，該國國內天然氣產量在過去5年里已趨于穩定，從2012年至2013年的1.51萬億立方英尺降至2017/18年的1.46萬億立方英尺。 這導致了嚴重的天然氣短缺，因為巴基斯坦人口（目前為2.08億人口）在同一時期急劇上升，推動了工業和新發電廠的燃料需求增加。 根據巴基斯坦石油天然氣監管局(Oil & Gas Regulatory Authority)的數據，2017-18年天然氣需求預計為每日69億立方英尺，比日產量高出近30億立方英尺。 為了幫助填補赤字，巴基斯坦建立了兩個LNG進口終端，預計2018-19年度的需求將達到697億立方英尺/日，2019-20年度將達到7.06億立方英尺/日。 但LNG價格昂貴，因此伊斯蘭堡希望外國公司加大國內勘探力度。 巴巴爾表示，巴基斯坦也正在起草其第一個頁巖氣政策，該政策應于今年完成，并將于2020年上半年進行一輪授權。 美國國際開發署（USAID）最近的一項研究表明，僅在印度河下游地區，巴基斯坦的頁巖氣儲量就超過100萬億立方英尺，足以滿足目前至少幾十年的需求。 巴巴爾表示，開發天然氣生產的關鍵之一是讓投資者能夠負擔得起且可靠地使用管道網絡,目前正在起草這樣的計劃。 巴巴爾表示：“整個管道系統工作機制正在被重新審視，以使其更易管制，使其更加開放?！?豐富的區塊和良好的數據 巴巴爾表示，拍賣的區塊是“多產的……（有）好的數據”，感興趣的公司包括沙特阿拉伯的Aramco，?？松梨诤投砹_斯天然氣工業股份公司。 他表示，巴基斯坦只有大約4%的陸地被勘探過，而且成功率高于國際平均水平，每三口井就有一口被發現。 巴巴爾表示，埃尼集團和?？松梨谡趯ふ姨烊粴獾暮Ｓ蚋浇?，至少可以開發三個海上區塊。 “我們將拍賣那些……可能是明年?！?巴巴爾表示，為了解決安全問題，將成立一個軍事或準軍事部隊來保護正在巴基斯坦風險較高地區進行勘探的公司，并由公司承擔費用。 巴巴爾表示：“類似中巴經濟走廊（CPEC）模式將被開發出來?！敝傅氖墙M建一個15000人的軍隊，旨在保護中巴經濟走廊（CPEC）中北京資助的基礎設施項目。 巴基斯坦還計劃采取措施確保拍賣權不受政府或政策變化的影響，從而為投資者提供更大的監管確定性。 余小貞 編譯自 管道油氣報 原文如下： Pakistan to Open Gas Fields, Pipelines to Attract Foreign Investment Pakistan plans to offers dozens of gas field concessions in the coming year to fill in a fuel shortage, a senior official said, with Islamabad hoping a sharp drop in militant violence and changes to exploration policy will attract foreign investors. To encourage development, the government also plans to make its pipeline system more accessible and affordable. “The entire mechanism of how the pipeline system is working today is being is being re-looked at, to make it more deregulated, make it more open access.” Much of the mineral-rich South Asian nation remains unexplored despite gas discoveries dating back to the 1950s. Conventional gas reserves are estimated at 20 Tcf, or 560 Bcm, and shale gas reserves, which are untouched, at more than 100 Tcf. Italy’s ENI and U.S. oil major Exxon Mobil are jointly drilling for gas offshore in Pakistan’s Arabian Sea, but many other Western companies have not returned after leaving more than a decade ago because of Islamist militant violence. Nadeem Babar, head of Prime Minister Imran Khan’s Task Force on Energy Reforms, told Reuters the government was amending its natural gas regulation and drawing up its first-ever shale gas policy, with licensing rounds to follow later this year. The government hopes improving security in recent years and the country’s extensive pipeline network will attract investors. More than 30 onshore gas blocks have been identified and the government plans to auction a large chunk of them in one or two licensing rounds by the end of 2019, Babar said in his office in the capital Islamabad. “I expect in the second half of this year we will be auctioning at least 10, if not 20 blocks for exploration.” Pakistan’s domestic gas output has plateaued in the last five years, falling to 1.46 trillion cubic feet in 2017/18, from 1.51 Tcf in 2012-2013, according to an annual report from the Petroleum Ministry. This has led to severe gas shortages as Pakistan’s population, now at 208 million people, has risen sharply over the same period, driving fuel demand from industries and new power plants higher. Gas demand was estimated at 6.9 Bcf/d for 2017-18, according to Pakistan’s Oil & Gas Regulatory Authority, nearly 3 Bcf more than daily output. To help plug the deficit, Pakistan has built twoLNG import terminals, and demand is expected to hit 6.97 Bcf/d a day for 2018-19, and 7.06 Bcf/d in 2019-20. But LNG is expensive, so Islamabad wants foreign companies to ramp up domestic exploration. Babar said Pakistan was also drafting its first shale gas policy and it should be finished this year, with a licensing round in the first half of 2020. One recent study by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) put Pakistan’s shale gas reserves at more than 100 Tcf in the Lower Indus Region alone, enough to meet current demand for at least a few decades. One of the keys to developing natural gas production is to give investors affordable and reliable access to a pipeline network, Babar said, and such a plan is being drafted. “The entire mechanism of how the pipeline system is working today is being is being re-looked at, to make it more deregulated, make it more open access,” Babar said. Prolific Blocks and Good Data Babar said the blocks for auction were “prolific and … (had) good data”, with interested companies including Saudi Arabia’s Aramco, Exxon Mobil and Russia’s Gazprom. Only about 4 percent of Pakistan’s landmass has been explored, and the success rate, with one out of three wells making a find, is above the international average, he said. Babar said at least three more offshore blocks have also been carved out near where Eni and Exxon are searching for gas. “We will be auctioning those … probably next year.” To address security concerns, Babar said a military or a paramilitary unit will be created to guard companies that are exploring in the riskier parts of Pakistan, with the companies paying the costs. “A mechanism like what was done in CPEC will be developed,” Babar said, referring to a 15,000-strong army division set up to safeguard Beijing-funded infrastructure projects in the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). Pakistan also plans to introduce measures that ensure auction rights are unaffected by government or policy changes, to give investors greater regulatory certainty. ?
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