在相較于便攜式模擬器的使用簡便，全尺寸模擬器能夠提供更全面的場景，幫助作業人員提高技能。
編譯 | 驚蟄
上一期為大家介紹了Drilling Systems公司的幾種便攜式模擬器，今天是幾種全尺寸模擬器的介紹。其中包括鉆井模擬器，利用鉆井模擬器（DWOS），可以在安全的環境下嘗試和測試多種不同的鉆井設計與作業，以確定最具經濟性的建井方式，最終降低井的總成本。
在模擬培訓中，可以使用DWOS創建自定義模擬，以便將理論解釋作為實際練習來執行。作業人員與承包商可能會遇到故障、失效、井控、電力與軌跡控制問題。利用該模擬器，可以評估團隊應對天氣、停電等事件的能力，同時強化他們對可能影響安全作業的各種人為因素的認識。
全尺寸模擬器的功能更加全面，具有諸多應用特性，例如，在設備與作業故障檢測中，其可以降低系統故障幾率，提高檢測效率，如電機故障、IBOP泄漏、扭矩不穩定等，其它如鉆機設備故障（碰撞等）、節流閥故障（堵塞、卡死、沖蝕）、壓力相關問題（井口泄漏、管匯閥組泄漏）等問題也能夠得到有效控制。。
此外，此類模擬器還具有額外功能，為開發商和作業人員帶來額外的好處，例如其具可以模擬防噴器下入過程中與下部隔水管總成的斷開，另外可模擬鉆井警報（普通、棄置、氣體泄漏等），同時監測水下防噴器壓力與溫度以及潮汐對隔水導管的影響，其它還能夠模擬起伏、搖晃、傾斜以及天氣對泥漿罐的影響。
通過實際使用，模擬器的優勢在油氣行業中已經逐漸顯現，例如三維可視化視圖可以生動的模仿設備功能，使作業人員趕緊身臨其境。在控制成本方面，其僅使用一個核心模擬器可運行多個鉆機套件，使投資回報最大化。通過詳細的模擬場景與井下條件，提高困難情況下井隊人員的決策能力，定制化功能可以設定特定狀況，使作業人員熟悉自己需要熟練掌控的設備，并利用定制系統增強作業信心。
DrillSIM:5000
DrillSIM:5000是符合先進的鉆井與井控仿真系統國際標準。該系統精確展現出常規鉆臺的場景，用三維圖形創建了高度逼真的沉浸式模擬環境，使學員身臨其境。其可以重新創建簡單或高度復雜的任務與場景，以驗證現實世界中的技能和能力。DrillSIM5000的井下模型套件管理可以將DrillSIM軟件包的許可添加到DrillSIM:5000中，以創建一個多站點式培訓環境。通過一個教員中心站點進行觀察、監控與管理，該站點可獲取每個模擬器上學生活動與進度的數據。
同樣，DrillSIM:5000符合并超過了油氣鉆井和井控的培訓及認證標準，例如IADC的司鉆與監督培訓，以及IWCF的第三、第四級別認證。
DrillSIM:600
DrillSIM:600是一個先進的以網絡為基礎的模擬器，提供獨特的鉆井和井控培訓。該模擬器可以定制化設計，以模擬特定的陸地鉆機與設備，使作業人員能夠在自己的現實環境中練習。DrillSIM:600結合了地面與井下的三維可視化視圖，以及真實鉆機設備聲音和功能，從而提供真正的沉浸式學習體驗。
此外，Drilling Systems公司可以根據開發商需求，為DrillSim:600創建一個自定義鉆機套件，通過定制控件、HMI和裝備的三維可視化來滿足特定需求。
DrillSIM:6000
DrillSIM:6000也是一款先進的網絡基礎模擬器，可為鉆井與井控培訓提供最大的靈活性。該模擬器可配置創建出特定的海上鉆井平臺模型，并模擬出所有供應商與主要鉆機體系的設備。定制的軟件包可以根據空間與需求，提供定制功能。DrillSIM:6000同時培訓司鉆與副司鉆，講師可從一個單獨站點，觀察與控制所教授的場景。
作為一種應用靈活的模擬器，其具有如下特點：
- 具有多種鉆機功能的雙司鉆座椅，多個人機界面（HMI）站點；
- 高分辨率、可定制的視頻墻，可安裝在教室或集裝箱；
- 可互換的“即插即用”式鉆機控制系統；
- 支持與第三方數據鏈接的集成，包括動力管理與動態定位；
- 支持與第三方控制系統(如MPD)和其他監控系統的集成；
- 可調節的天氣條件，針對平臺鉆機的定制開發；
- 井口管道與防噴器(BOP)的定制操作，擁有DrillSIM井下模型的所有功能。
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Full-size simulators
By Drilling the Well on Simulator (DWOS) multiple variations of well design and drilling operation can be tried and tested in a safe environment to determine the most cost-effective method of well delivery which ultimately reduces well spread costs. Custom simulations can be created with Drill the Well on Simulator (DWOS) to allow theoretical explanations to be carried out as a practical exercise. Operators and contractors can experience faults, failures, well control, power and station keeping problems. Teams can be assessed on their ability to work together to respond to incidents such as weather and power failure while gaining an increased awareness of various human factors that can impact safe operations.
Equipment and operational malfunctions
- Hoisting system malfunctions – motor failure, IBOP leaks, erratic torque etc
- Rig equipment malfunctions – bumps, blowout preventer (BOP) leader, accumulators
- Choke malfunctions – chock plugging, seizure and washouts
- Pressure problems – wellhead leaks, manifold valve leaks
Additional functionality
- BOP landing and lower marine riser package (LMRP) disconnect
- Drilling alarms – general, abandon, gas
- Subsea BOP pressure and temperature monitoring
- Tide effects on riser
- Heave, roll and pitch weather effects on mud tanks
DrillSIM:5000
The DrillSIM:5000 is the global standard of advanced drilling and well control simulation.The accurate representation of a conventional rig floor and 3D graphics create a highly realistic and immersive simulation environment bringing the rig to the trainee.Both simple and highly complex tasks and scenarios can be recreated to verify skills and competency in real-world situations.
An alternative model of the DrillSIM:5000 is also available which includes the optional cyber chair.
A DrillSIM software package license can be added to DrillSIM:5000 to create a multi-station training environment. Simulations can be observed, monitored and managed from one central instructor station that provides data on the student activity and progress on each simulator.
DrillSIM:5000 meets and exceeds oil and gas drilling and well control training and accreditation standards such as IADC Driller and Supervisor and IWCF levels 3 and 4.
DrillSIM:600
The DrillSIM:600 is an advanced cyberbase simulator that offers unique drilling and well control training.The simulator can be customised to emulate specific land rigs and equipment which enables operators to practice in their own real-life environment.DrillSIM:600 combines 3D surface and downhole graphical views with realistic rig equipment sounds and functionalities for a truly immersive learning experience.
We will work with you to create a custom rig package for your DrillSIM:600 that meets your specific requirements with bespoke controls, HMIs and a 3D visualisation of your rig.
Benefits
- Immersive：3D graphics views and realistic equipment functionality.
- ROI： Maximise return on investment by using one core simulator to run multiple rig packages.
- Challenge：Improve the decision-making skills of crews in difficult situations with detailed simulation scenarios and downhole conditions.
- Bespoke：Familiarise operators with their own specific rigs and equipment and increase confidence with a customisable system.
The DrillSIM:6000
is the most advanced cyberbase simulator that offers the ultimate flexibility in drilling and well control training.The simulator is configured to recreate a specific offshore rig model and emulate equipment from any vendor and all major rig systems. Bespoke packages are available with customisable features dependant on space and requirements.
DrillSIM:6000 trains the driller and assistant driller concurrently, allowing the instructor to observe and control the scenarios from a separate station.
Benefits
- ROI： Maximise return on investment by using one core simulator to run multiple rig packages.
- Immersive：Stunning 3D graphics with an immersive video wall and realistic controls.
- Teamwork：Improve teamwork with the ability to simultaneously train the driller and assistant driller with a dual-chair environment.
- Effective：Allow trainees to rehearse challenging or infrequent operations such as blowout preventer (BOP) landing and running riser.
KEY FEATURES
- Dual-chair configuration with multiple rig capabilities
- Multiple human machine interface (HMI) stations
- High-resolution customisable video wall
- Classroom or containerised configurations
- Interchangeable rig controls “plug and play” system
- Supports integration with third party data links including power management and dynamic positioning
- Integration with third party control systems such as MPD and other supervisory control systems
- Adjustable weather conditions
- Bespoke rig topside development
- Bespoke surface pipework and blowout prevention (BOP) operations
- Full DrillSIM downhole model capabilities
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