有了降阻工具 連續油管何止“萬能”！

連續油管在石油行業有著“萬能作業機”的美譽，其應用范圍廣，可應用于鉆井、測井等多種油田作業中。隨著非常規油氣和深水項目的不斷開發，連續油管的應用也遇到了一些難題，比如在深水井或者超深井的連續油管使用中，由于其與油、套管之間的摩擦阻力，連續油管很難到達指定深度，這已經是業內公認的一大難題。

針對這一難題，Trican Well Service公司與CT Energy Services聯合研發推出一種新型降低連續油管摩阻工具——Toe Tapper。Toe Tapper作為新一代降低摩阻工具的典型代表，可增加連續油管入井深度，在利用連續油管磨銑作業中可更好地控制磨鞋上部鉆壓。Toe Tapper能夠發射低頻脈沖，壓力脈沖能夠長時間的作用在連續油管上，更有效、持久地降低連續油管與套管間的摩阻。

該工具通過流體流動造成負壓脈沖，進而引起射流沖擊效應，“打破”連續油管和套管間的摩阻力并產生液壓牽引力。螺旋彎曲效應（helical buckling）會導致連續油管在井內發生鎖定，而摩阻降低會削弱該效應造成的消極影響，連續油管入井深度也會增加。

Trican公司在連續油管和井下工具作業方面擁有豐富的經驗，并向全球的運營公司和工具服務商提供Toe Tapper工具。此外，該公司還提供一套完備的井下磨銑鉆具組合、連續油管壓裂工具以及水平井多級完井工具組合。

Toe Tapper連續油管降阻工具

Toe Tapper是一款獨特的連續油管降低摩阻工具，通過產生負壓脈沖來削弱連續油管所受到的摩阻拖曳力。該工具在流體通道內部署了一個變量限流器，從而可向環空低頻泵送流體。由于連續油管底部壓力的急劇降低，便會產生周期性的射流沖擊效應。這種壓力脈沖會驅動連續油管下行，降低了從靜態向動態轉變時的摩擦系數。

該工具發射低頻脈沖的特性使壓力脈沖在連續油管上的作用時間會更久，同時也可提高碎屑清潔效果。射流沖擊效應也會產生機械力；在旋轉閥運行周期內，液壓慣性力在軸向發生作用，產生的沖擊能量脈沖能夠促進重量轉移。相關證據表明，這種壓力脈沖提高了螺旋屈曲閾值，連續油管與Toe Tapper工具組合的剛度變化區間變得更加寬闊且壓力峰值時的剛度較大。

Toe Tapper配備有一個旋轉閥，由一款低額定轉速的動力裝置驅動。旋轉閥通過周期性地改變流體流向來引起連續油管內的壓力變化，頻率變化取決于流量變化。

該裝置還可以根據需要進行配置優化，比如在可以確定較快的壓力變化速率可以更有效地降低摩阻的情況下，則可以增加動力裝置部分的功率，更有效的降低摩擦阻力。該工具特別適用于大斜度水平井內磨銑作業，可以顯著降低平均磨銑次數。

為使工具效能達到最大化，大約5%~8%泵入連續油管內的流體會通過Toe Tapper工具靠近底部的噴嘴流入環空。這種貫通設計能夠產生更高效的負壓脈沖，引起的射流沖擊效應可以有效降低摩阻。低頻負壓脈沖作用在連續油管上的時間會更久，可使連續油管下行時間更長。此外，這種貫通設計還允許泵速進一步提高，進而可以更好地清理井底碎屑與井眼清洗。

應用石油圈原創www.h29736.cn

1. 單井增產措施作業，井筒干預作業；
2. 復合橋塞磨銑；
3. 斷裂金屬落魚磨銑；
4. 清砂作業；
5. 生產測井，磨料射流作業。

特性石油圈原創www.h29736.cn

1. 動力裝置功率可調，進而可改變壓力脈沖頻率；
2. 閥門系統可調，進而可增加或降低壓力脈沖幅度；
3. 可與多種性質流體配合使用，例如氮氣。

應用優勢石油圈原創www.h29736.cn

1. 射流沖擊效應產生液壓拉力，能夠促進重量轉移；
2. Toe Tapper?能夠發射低頻脈沖，壓力脈沖作用于連續油管的時間會更久，從而能夠更有效地降低摩阻，連續油管入井深度便會更大；
3. 減小螺旋屈曲效應引起的摩阻；
4. 可減少平均磨銑次數；
5. 特別適用于水平段較長的單井；
6. 可提高井內碎屑清洗效果。

關于Trican Well Service石油圈原創www.h29736.cn

Trican 是一家業內領先的技術服務公司，業務服務范圍覆蓋全球。公司始建于1996年，經過多年的發展，積累了相當雄厚的技術團隊，其中在壓裂、完井和井筒干預等方面的技術在業內處于領先地位。此外，公司還提供連續油管、酸化、固井等服務。

來自/Trican Well Service ? ??譯者/姚園 ? ? 編輯/Lemon

Toe Tapper works by enabling the fluid flow to generate negative pressure pulses that cause a fluid hammer effect. This breaks the friction between the coiled tubing and casing and creates hydraulic pull forces. The reduced friction decreases the effects of helical buckling, which can lead to a coiled tubing lock-up situation. As a result of this decreased friction, far greater well depths can be reached.

The tool’s unique capability of producing a low frequency pulse means more effective friction reduction through a pressure pulse that has more time to act on the coiled tubing. The Toe Tapper contains a rotary valve that is driven by a low RPM power section. The valve diverts flow to cyclically change the pressure within the coiled tubing. The frequency is driven by the flow rate. If it is determined that faster frequencies are more effective for a particular application, the power section of the tool can be adjusted to increase speed.

This tool is of particular interest to those working on extended horizontal wells, where better average milling times can be achieved. Trican has extensive knowledge in coiled tubing and downhole tool operations, and the company will offer this tool worldwide to operating companies and tool service providers alike. Trican offers a complete range of milling bottomhole assemblies, coiled tubing fracturing tools, and a comprehensive portfolio of horizontal multistage completion solutions.

Trican’s Toe Tapper? is a unique coiled tubing friction reduction tool. The tool generates a negative pressure pulse that stimulates the coiled tubing frictional drag. By using a variable restrictor in the fluid flow, the Toe Tapper is tuned to dump fluid to the annulus at a low frequency. This generates a periodic fluid hammer effect, due to a sharp reduction in pressure at the bottom of the coiled tubing. This pressure pulse actuates the flexible coiled tubing, reducing the friction coefficient from static to dynamic.

The slower frequency of the tool gives more time for the energy of the pressure pulse to act on the coiled tubing, which also improves cuttings removal (as the coiled tubing actuates over a larger area). The fluid hammer effect also generates a mechanical force; while the valve cycles, the hydraulic inertial forces react axially and produce an impact energy pulse which improves weight transfer. Evidence has shown that this pressure pulse improves the helical buckling threshold, as the rigidity of the coiled tubing with the Toe Tapper is more dynamic, with higher rigidity at the pressure peaks.

The tool’s unique capability of producing a low frequency pulse means that the tool provides a more effective friction reduction through a pressure pulse that has more time to act on the coiled tubing. As a result of this decreased friction, far greater well depths can be reached.

To achieve maximum tool efficiency, approximately 5%-8% of the fluid being pumped down the coiled tubing is vented to the annulus through a nozzle near the bottom of the Toe Tapper. This venting generates a more efficient negative pressure pulse, which produces the fluid hammer effect responsible for breaking friction. The low frequency negative pressure pulse actuates the coiled tubing over a longer period, allowing the coiled tubing more time to move. The fluid venting also permits slightly higher pump rates, which in turn improve debris removal and well cleaning.

Features

• Power section can be tuned to change pressure pulse frequency.
• Valving system can be tuned to increase/decrease pressure pulse magnitude.
• Can be used with a variety of fluids including N2.

Benefits

• Fluid hammer effect produces hydraulic pull, improving weight transfer.
• Low frequency enables the high amplitude pressure pulse time to act on the coiled tubing effectively.
• Reduces friction caused by helical buckling.
• Improved milling times.
• Extended reach in long horizontal well sections.
• Improved debris cleaning

Applications

• Extended reach well stimulation operations.
• Extended reach well intervention procedures.
• Extended reach composite bridge plug milling.
• Extended reach fracture hardware milling.
• Extended reach toe preparation.
• Extended reach sand cleanout.
• Extended reach production logging.
• Extended reach abrasive perforating.

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