由于井下工具失效或者井內雜質太多等原因，油氣井經常無法實現最大產能。大多數井內流體的透明度過低，油公司一直無法對井下實際情況進行準確成像。
Visuray公司設計VR90的最初目的是實現精確成像，并準確診斷出井下安全閥的狀態，以便讓作業者對后續的修井作業進行更好的設計。石油圈原創www.h29736.cn
VR90使用獨特、緊湊的X射線源不斷發射出X射線，直接探測工具以下的容積。這些反向散射的輻射數據將通過開創性的地面重塑技術轉化成2D和3D圖像。相比于其他傳統手段，通過使用X射線，VR90工具在任何井下生產流體中都能適用，不被能見度所制約。石油圈原創www.h29736.cn
井下能見度的提高能讓油公司得以更好地設計修井作業，從而精確高效地解決這些問題。同時，VR90 X射線成像工具能獲得多個井下測量數據，并為客戶提供有價值的信息。
這些性能表明，不論是在井下環境還是在海上作業中，VR90都能夠獲得非常精確的井下X射線成像。
VR90是一種電纜工具，包含的熱離子X射線管具有必備成像系統組件。按照設計，工具和程序的作業溫度范圍為室溫到150°C(300°F)，承受壓力達到1380bar(20000 psi)。工具的最大外徑為9.2 cm(3 5/8 in)，最大長度為8.38m (27.5 ft)。該工具可以同各式各樣的電纜以居中或者偏心的方式下入井內，還可以同爬行器、往復推送器和連續油管實現兼容。
實驗室環境下的成像試樣表明，在清水、鹽水、石油和含有懸浮鐵銹微粒等各類不同的常規生產流體中，VR90均具備重塑物體形態的能力。另外，這些試樣說明，該工具具有高度的準確性，成像精度達到毫米級別。石油圈原創www.h29736.cn
總之，VR90是一種多功能工具。即使是對于非常具有挑戰性的井，VR90也能提供有用的信息，同時還可節約時間、降低成本、提高安全，并最小化環境風險。
打撈井下工具通常需要通過打撈筒和打撈矛勾住芯軸來實現。如果這兩種方式都無法撈獲落魚，那作業者面臨的挑戰將是非常巨大的。也可以選擇下入鉛印，但一般來講，這種方法是不可靠的。另外，作業者可以采取直接磨掉的方式，但這這種方法非常耗時，而且成本高昂，破壞性極大。
然而，作業者可以下入VR90 X射線診斷工具來確認打撈嘗試失敗的原因。
在某次現場作業中，Visuray公司的試驗裝置上獲得的其中一個成像顯示，中芯軸已經被壓壞，因此打撈矛無法從內部勾住芯軸，外部的打撈筒也無法卡住芯軸。VR90不僅對井下情況形成了清晰成像，還幫助作業者設計了一個特制的打撈工具，在不損壞落魚的前提下迅速將硬件打撈上來。
技術應用
- 檢查井下設備，如井下安全閥和芯軸；
- 對井眼內限流情況進行分類和量化；
- 判斷井下落物的外形和規格；石油圈原創www.h29736.cn
- 識別并刻畫變形套管、破裂套管；
- 為設計特制的打撈工具提供信息。
技術特點
- 適用于所有生產流體環境，能對被砂掩埋的物體進行成像——避免替液、洗井或者對井液進行化學性循環，節約時間和資金；
- 作業溫度高達212°F/100°C，作業壓力高達20,000psi / 1,380bar——能在之前無法涉足的井眼環境下進行作業；
- 采用本質安全的電子X射線源——簡化后勤管理；石油圈原創www.h29736.cn
- 提供及時的在線反饋信息——在世界任何各地都能綜合各種信息作出最正確的決定；
- 可以用居中或者偏心的方式下入井內——操作彈性更強；
- 可以結合各式各樣的電纜下入井內，還可以同爬行器和往復推送器兼容。
Visuray公司為客戶提供VR90工具的商業服務，可幫助油公司深入井內，洞悉井內情況，同時探索出一條致力于提高油氣井完整性的路線。
“X射線工具已在海上油井中取得了成功應用，整個作業過程安全且流暢。在滿足客戶要求的同時，我們也證明了VR90的可靠性，”歐洲的銷售總監Sergey Feoktistov說到，“隨著VR90 X射線技術不斷獲得大眾的好評和認可，我們期望在世界范圍內推廣相關業務，幫助客戶優化修井作業，并節約作業成本?！?/span>
關于Visuray公司石油圈原創www.h29736.cn
Visuray公司是一家為客戶提供X射線成像技術服務的油服公司，旨在減小客戶的修井等作業風險。公司擁有近50個物理學博士和來自20個國家的工程師，在斯塔萬格和休斯敦等地均有辦事處。
小編手中還握有VR90 X射線成像技術的更多資料哦，想獲??？很簡單：請將此文章分享至朋友圈，發送截圖和郵箱地址至石油圈微信后臺。小編會將資料打包奉上，發送至您的郵箱！還有機會與技術專家溝通交流哦~
來自/Visuray ? ?譯者/鄭斯赫 ? ?編輯/Leia
Oil and gas wells often fail to produce to their true potential thanks to malfunctioning downhole hardware or debris in the well. Because of the opacity of most well fluids, oil companies have had no reliable means of imaging a well’s physical condition. Visuray’s VR90 tool uses ground-breaking X-ray technology to provide precise downhole images irrespective of well fluid. The improved visibility allows oil companies to plan well interventions that address these issues precisely and efficiently.
The objective was to image and unambiguously diagnose the status of a downhole safety valve so the operator could plan future workover operations. Visuray’s VR90 X-ray imaging tool acquired multiple downhole measurements and provided valuable information for the client. The results demonstrate the VR90’s unique ability to obtain dimensionally accurate downhole X-ray images in opaque well fluid environments and in offshore operations.
VR90 is a wireline tool that incorporates the thermoionic X-ray tube with the necessary imaging system components. Both the tool and its operating procedures are designed to operate at ambient temperatures of up to 150°C (300°F) and withstand pressures up to 1380 bar (20000 psi). The tool has a maximum outer diameter of 9.2 cm (3 5/8 in) and a length of 8.38 m (27.5 ft). The tool can be run on all types of electric wireline and either centred or eccentred in the well, and is compatible with tractors, strokers, and coiled tubing.
Example images from operating the tool in a laboratory setting demonstrate the ability of the tool and technique to create reconstructions of objects in a variety of normal production fluids including clean water, saline water, oil, and fluids with suspended rust particles. The images also demonstrate the millimetre-scale resolution and accuracy of the tool. Altogether, this represents a versatile tool with the capabilities to provide useful information in challenging well management scenarios and do so while saving time, reducing cost, improving safety, and minimising environmental risk.
‘To our knowledge, this was the first time an X-ray tool has ever been run in an offshore well. The job went safely and smoothly, and in fulfilling the customer requirement we’ve proven the reliability of the VR90 tool and service,’ says Sergey Feoktistov, Sales Director Europe. ‘As Visuray’s downhole X-ray diagnostic service gains credibility and visibility, we look forward to expanding our operations worldwide and enabling our customers to optimize well interventions and save operating costs.’
Retrieving downhole hardware is often achieved by engaging a mandrel with overshot or spear. If both techniques fail to retrieve a fish, the operator is left with quite a challenge. An impression block can be run, but this generally proves unreliable. The operator can proceed directly to milling, but this is time-consuming, costly and destructive.
Instead, the operator can run the VR90 X-ray diagnostic service to determine the cause of the failed fishing attempts.
The image (right) obtained at Visuray’s test facilities shows a case where the mandrel has been crushed, and hence the spear tool would not fit inside nor the overshot around the mandrel. Additionally, the VR90’s dimensionally-accurate images allow the operator to design a custom fishing tool and quickly retrieve the hardware without destroying it.
A unique and compact X-ray source emits X-rays that probe the volume immediately below the tool. Measurements of the backscattered radiation are then converted into 2D and 3D images using an innovative fluid-based surface reconstruction technique. By using X-rays rather than other conventional methods, the VR90 tool works in any downhole production fluid, however opaque.
APPLICATIONS
- Inspection of downhole equipment such as valves and mandrels;
- Classification and quantification of wellbore restrictions;
- Determination of shapes and dimensions of dropped objects;
- Identification and characterization of collapsed or split casing;
- Providing input for design of customized fishing tools.
BENEFITS
The VR90 is now available to provide services. It is a downward-viewing imaging tool that:
- Works in all production fluids, and can image sand-covered objects -– saving time and money by eliminating the need to displace well fluid, clean up or chemically
- condition the well;
- Operates at temperatures up to 212°F/100°C* and pressures up to 20,000psi / 1,380bar – providing answers in previously inaccessible environments;
- Uses inherently safe, electronic X-ray sources – simplifying logistics;
- Produces real time answers online – enabling well-informed decisions anywhere in the world;
- Works centered or eccentered in the well – for extra operational flexibility;
- Runs on all types of electric wireline and is compatible with tractors and strokers.
made or selected and the fish is retrieved.
Today, the Visuray team has grown to more than 50 professionals from about 20 countries, offering the VR90 commercial service to allow oil companies to see inside their wells, while charting a path forward to improve oil and gas well integrity, and eliminate radioactive materials from the oilfi eld.
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