井眼清潔是影響成功鉆井的關鍵因素之一。巖屑運移困難會帶來一系列復雜的問題，如卡鉆、鉆速降低等。一口井的井眼清潔狀況會直接影響到這口井的井身質量等，進而影響到其經濟效益。油井洗井工作是采油隊日常管理工作的重工作之一，洗井質量也是影響泵況的一個主因素。
上期石油圈，小編介紹了來自貝克休斯洗井服務的一部分，包括Tornado連續油管清洗系統和Roto-Jet噴射工具。本期石油圈將繼續對該洗井服務中的Sand-Vac和Well-Vac井眼清洗系統，以及整個洗井服務的現場應用案例進行分析介紹。石油圈原創www.h29736.cn
Sand-Vac和Well-Vac井眼清洗系統
去除超低壓井筒中的固體碎屑和有害液體。
清除固相和液相有害物石油圈原創www.h29736.cn
貝克休斯Sand-Vac?和Well-Vac?系統使用同心連續油管（CCT），結合專有的井下可切換式噴射泵，清除超低壓井中那些用標準清洗方法無法處理的固相和液相有害物。這些清洗系統將有害液體與儲層隔離，在不使用氮氣的情況下連續返出地面。對于那些需要大量使用氮氣，而又存在氮氣供應、物流或平臺甲板空間受限等相關問題的洗井作業，貝克休斯的解決方案具有獨特優勢。
這些工具用于大位移生產井，可以處理常規循環清洗方式無法解決的橫向流，或者漏失帶的問題?？梢栽谶@些工具中加入內置的壓力和溫度計，以收集準確的井下數據。
清洗系統結合使用CCT及專有的井下可切換式噴射泵來去除固相和液相有害物：從連續油管的內管泵送液體，在噴嘴處形成局部壓力降，形成的真空將井內流體和夾帶的固體碎屑攜帶出井。
單次入井完成所有目標石油圈原創www.h29736.cn
系統入井后，可以在多種操作模式之間切換，以確保單次入井完成所有目標。
Sand-Vac模式可以在不使用氮氣的情況下清除井內固體顆粒。Well-Vac模式增大局部壓降，使井筒流體、鉆井泥漿、壓裂液及其他來自儲層的流體形成真空。高壓噴射模式，使流體從高壓噴嘴噴出，以清除膠結疏散的砂橋，或泵送增產流體。石油圈原創www.h29736.cn
混合后的流體進入噴射泵擴散口，并恢復噴嘴處的壓力，使返出的流體沿CCT環空返回地面。該系統使用單相流體，與使用氮化液體進行清洗作業相比，能夠簡化物流，降低成本。
應用范圍石油圈原創www.h29736.cn
超低壓油藏；石油圈原創www.h29736.cn
大位移井及水平產層；
井眼清洗和清理；石油圈原創www.h29736.cn
生產井調剖；石油圈原創www.h29736.cn
重油和出砂井；石油圈原創www.h29736.cn
由于成本和物流，氮氣使用受限的作業地區。
特點和優點石油圈原創www.h29736.cn
- 多種操作模式：石油圈原創www.h29736.cn
? – Sand-Vac模式：石油圈原創www.h29736.cn
- 單次入井清除砂和固體顆粒
? – Well-Vac模式：石油圈原創www.h29736.cn
- 使鉆井泥漿、增產液和其他油藏流體形成真空；
- 滿足生產流入曲線。石油圈原創www.h29736.cn
? –高壓噴射模式：
- 穿透硬質砂橋；石油圈原創www.h29736.cn
- 實現增產流體的有效注入。
- 由貝克休斯CIRCA軟件提供支持：
? – 通過提供精確的作業設計、模擬、工具設置和安全操作指導，優化作業時間。
- 無需氮氣：石油圈原創www.h29736.cn
? – 避免物流相關問題；
? – 降低成本。石油圈原創www.h29736.cn
向前和向后的噴嘴使固體顆粒液態化，然后被安裝了濾網的工具段吸入，通過CCT環孔返回地面。
懸鏈線式CCT Sand-Vac解決方案首次應用，產量超過目標值185%
坐標：中國南海，馬來西亞
技術挑戰石油圈原創www.h29736.cn
- 4口井的出砂量太大，影響產量，阻礙了地層流體與下部完井段的流動通道；
- 井已經停產了幾年；
- 井底壓力較低；
- 平臺空間和吊裝作業受限；
- 只有自升式平臺可用。
解決方案石油圈原創www.h29736.cn
貝克休斯采用Sand-Vac清潔系統清除巖屑，結合先進的無線懸鏈線式CCT，利用獨特的CT連接器進行打撈、開關滑套等常規作業。
應用結果石油圈原創www.h29736.cn
采用Baker Hughes的洗井解決方案后，作業者從4口井中共回收了15,650磅砂，單次入井回收11,900磅；同時，該作業清楚了井內大量砂，產量超過目標值185%，同時創造了112天零事故作業記錄。
來自/Baker Hughes ? 譯者/白小明 ? 編輯/Leia
Sand-Vac and Well-Vac Well Cleanout Systems
Remove solids and liquids from ultra-low-pressure wellbores
Remove solids and liquids
The Baker Hughes Sand-Vac? and Well-Vac? systems use concentric coiled tubing (CCT) combined with a proprietary downhole switchable jet pump to remove solids and liquids from ultra-low-pressure wellbores that are not treatable with standard circulating methods. These cleanout systems isolate the ?uids from the reservoir and allow continuous returns without the use of nitrogen. This is particularly advantageous for cleanout operations that require significant amounts of nitrogen or have issues related to supply, logistics, or platform deck space.
Used in extended-length producing intervals, these systems handle cross?ow or thiefzone challenges that hamper conventional circulation cleanouts. The tools also incorporate optional built-in pressure and temperature memory gauges to collect accurate downhole data.
The cleanout systems use CCT combined with a proprietary downhole switchable jet pump to remove solids and liquids. Liquid pumped down the inner coiled tubing string through the jet pump nozzle creates a localized pressure drop that essentially vacuums out wellbore ?uids and entrained solids.
Meet objectives in a single run
While deployed in the well, the system can be switched between multiple operating modes to achieve all of your objectives in a single run.
The Sand-Vac mode removes wellbore solids without using nitrogen. The Well-Vac mode increases the localized pressure drawdown to vacuum wellbore ?uids, drilling mud, stimulation ?uids, and other liquids from the reservoir. A high-pressure jetting mode diverts all ?uids through high-pressure nozzles to remove consolidated sand bridges or pump stimulation ?uids.
The combined ?ow enters the jet pump diffuser and recovers pressure from the nozzle to drive the return ?uids to the surface via the CCT annulus. This system uses a single-phase ?uid that enables the cleanout to be performed with simplified logistics and reduced costs when compared with circulating nitrified ?uids.
Applications
- Ultra-low-pressure reservoirs
- Extended-length and horizontal producing intervals
- Well cleanup and unloading
- Production profiling
- Heavy-oil and sand-producing wells
- Operating areas that are constrained in the use of nitrogen due to costs and logistics
Features and benefits
- Multiple operating modes
? – Sand-Vac mode
? ? ? Removes sand and solids in a single run
? – Well-Vac mode
? ? ? Vacuums drilling mud, stimulation fluids, and other reservoir fluids
? ? ? Enables production inflow profiling
? – High-pressure jetting mode
? ? ? Passes through hard sand bridges
? ? ? Enables effective stimulation fluids placement
- Powered by Baker Hughes CIRCA software
? – Optimizes time on location by providing accurate job design, simulation, tool setup, and safe operating guidelines
- Nitrogen not required
? – Eliminates logistical problems
? – Reduces costs
Forward- and rear-facing jets fluidize solids, which are then sucked through a screen section and sent to the surface via the CCT annulus.
First-Time Catenary CCT Sand-Vac Solution Exceeded Production Target By 185%
Malaysia, South China Sea
Results
- Recovered 15,650 lb of sand from four wells, with 11,900 lb being recovered in a single run
- Removed enough sand from the wellbores to surpass target production by 185%
- Recorded 112 days of incident-free operations
Challenges
- High sand production in all four wells prohibited production and access to producing zones in the lower completion
- Wells had been shut in for several years
- Low bottomhole pressures
- Restricted platform access and crane capabilities
- Jack-up boat availability
Baker Hughes Solution
- Deployed Sand-Vac cleanout system to remove debris
- Used advanced wireless catenary-style CCT
- Designed and built specialized CT connector to enable conventional operations like fishing and sleeve manipulation.
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