巴西通過鹽下層油田新法案
2月24日，巴西參議院以40:26的比例投票通過了新的鹽下層油田法案。根據新法案，巴西國家石油公司（Petrobras）將不再是鹽下層油田的唯一合法作業者，且巴油也不必在鹽下層油田持股30%以上。目前該法案已移交巴西眾議院和巴西總統羅塞夫裁決。
巴西總統羅塞夫此前是制定巴西鹽下層油田本地化政策的始作俑者，但考慮到目前巴油窘迫的財政狀況，以及巴西2015年油氣招標的慘淡回應，現任巴西政府不得不考慮逐步開放巴西油氣市場，吸引國外投資，幫助巴西度過此次經濟寒冬。
Petrobras’ dominant position in the highly-productive pre-salt province off Brazil could be challenged after the country’s Senate passed a bill that could pave the way for other players to become operators of acreage there.The bill, which was passed by 40 votes to 26 on Wednesday, could lead to an end to a requirement that Petrobras is the sole operator of pre-salt blocks and must take a stake of at least 30% in all tracts.The bill will now go on to the lower house of Congress and to President Dilma Rousseff, who is believed to be warming to the idea of letting other operators take control of pre-salt resources.Rousseff, a former energy minister, played a key role in drafting the nationalist restrictions that keep Petrobras in control of the pre-salt, sanctioned by her predecessor President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva in 2010.However, the severe financial problems now being faced by Petrobras and the tepid response to Brazil’s 2015 licensing round have forced a change of heart, according to a recent report from Brazil’s O Globo newspaper, which cited unnamed sources close to Rousseff.As previously reported by Upstream, the Rousseff administration has mulled retreating to a new position that would give Petrobras the right of first refusal on “strategic” areas, such as the pre-salt, but end the current obligation to take at least 30% of the equity in all pre-salt contracts.
巴油和中國國開行簽訂100億美元的融資協議
2月25日，中國國開行（CDB）與巴西國家石油公司（Petrobras）簽訂了總額高達100億美元的融資協議。
巴油表示，該協議與2009年和中國國開行簽訂的協議很相似。當時中國國開行也向巴油貸款100億美元，作為回報巴油需向中石化每日供應20萬桶原油，為期十年。
而就在去年，巴油還剛剛和中國國開行，中國工商銀行，以及中國進出口銀行簽訂了總額為100億美元的融資協議。
由于中國資本和巴油的聯系日趨密切，可以預見巴油會考慮逐步將一些海上生產平臺的建設項目向中國轉移，以減少巴西本地建造工期的不確定性對巴油產量的影響。
The China Development Bank (CDB) has agreed to provide debt-laden Petrobras $10 billion in financing, furthering the growing ties between the Brazilian giant and East Asia.The term sheet was signed by Petrobras president Aldemir Bendine and the CDB president Zheng Zhijie in Rio de Janeiro on Friday.Drafts of the financing contracts “are already being negotiated”, Petrobras said. The drafts “include the implementation of a trade agreement to supply oil to Chinese companies”.Petrobras said the terms are similar to contracts signed by Petrobras and CDB in 2009. That agreement also amounted to $10 billion in financing and included an oil-supply component whereby Brazil would provide 200,000 barrels per day of oil to China’s state oil firm Sinopec for a decade.The deal announced Friday is the latest example of Chinese financial institutions putting up cash for Petrobras, which has towering debt and a massive capital budget to fund. S&P recently downgraded Petrobras’ foreign currency bond to BB: junk status.Last year, Petrobras secured another $10 billion in funding to help in the development of its pre-salt operations, through agreements with CDB, the Industrial & Commercial Bank of China and the Export-Import Bank of China.As Chinese dollars has flowed in, Petrobras’ construction needs have migrated east, with contracts for some of the operator’s floating production facilities getting re-assigned to Chinese yards due to uncertainty that the projects could be completed in Brazil.Petrobras intends to sell about $14 billion of assets this year in an bid to cut its $130 billion in debt.
巴油將出售一批陸上油氣資產
據巴西國家石油公司（Petrobras）近日給巴西股市監管機構的一份聲明顯示，巴油董事會已批準以競標的方式出售一批巴西陸上油氣資產，但巴油尚未透露具體的待售區塊清單。
此外，巴油目前還正在就其阿根廷分公司的股權轉讓事宜與Pampa Energia公司進行獨家談判。去年巴油剛剛以1.01億美元的價格將其在阿根廷Austral盆地的26處陸上油氣資產出售給CGC公司。
Petrobras has been given board approval to sell off a basket of onshore assets in Brazil as well as permission to talk exclusively to a potential buyer of a stake in its Argentine business.In a statement to Brazilian stock market regulators, the state-controlled company said the domestic onshore assets would be offered through a competitive bidding process.In another regulatory filing, Petrobras said its executive board had also given the green light to engage in exclusive negotiations with Pampa Energia regarding the sale of a stake in Companhia Petrobras Argentina.The period of exclusivity is set for 30 days and terms and conditions of sale are subject to approval by the administrative board of Petrobras.
巴油叫停六個州的陸上勘探鉆井
受低油價的影響，巴西國家石油公司（Petrobras）近日停止了巴西六個州的陸上勘探鉆井工作，這六個州分別為：Espirito Santo, Bahia, Sergipe, Alagoas, Rio Grande de North和Ceara。
巴油前不久宣布將其2015-2019年的投資計劃從1303億美元下調至984億美元，其中勘探投資削減幅度最大，投資將主要集中在核心鹽下層油氣田的開發上。
據巴西國家石油管理局（ANP）的統計數據顯示，巴西2015年12月的陸上油氣產量為163,000 boed，其中巴油的產量占159,000 boed。
Petrobras is to call a complete halt to onshore exploration drilling in six Brazilian states due to the continued low oil price, according to a report.The under-fire state oil giant is stopping exploratory drilling in the states of Espirito Santo, Bahia, Sergipe, Alagoas, Rio Grande do Norte and Ceara, Brazilian newspaper Valor Economico reported on Tuesday.The newspaper cited an unidentified Petrobras source with information on the development.“Every reduction that you make in exploration drilling affects future production somewhere down the line,” the source reportedly said.Brazilian newspapers quoted oil workers union sources last week as saying that drilling was halting in the state of Bahia, but many reproduced a misleading statement that Petrobras was “leaving” the state.The union report in fact contained data, from Petrobras, showing that exploration drilling will indeed cease, while the number of rigs working on production wells in that state would decline to 17 from 20.Petobras has repeatedly slashed its capital expenditure to cope with lower oil prices – the most recent cuts gave the company a five-year investment plan of $98 billion – and the company is widely expected to include onshore assets in its divestment plan.A high-ranking Petrobras manager told Upstream recently that “nothing was sacred” when it came to assessing onshore assets for sale, but added that some of these areas remained “strategic” to the company.Data managed by Brazilian hydrocarbons regulator ANP states that domestic onshore production was running at 163,000 barrels of oil equivalent per day in December 2015, of which 159,000 boepd is in the hands of Petrobras.
巴油開始在Sepia油田進行早期生產測試
據悉，巴西國家石油公司（Petrobras）已開始在Sepia鹽下層油田進行早期生產測試。
Sepia油田位于Santos盆地，距離里約熱內盧海岸185公里。Sepia油田的早期生產采用的是BW Offshore公司的Cidade de Sao Vicente FPSO，預計在早期生產測試階段1-RJS-691井可日產原油2萬桶，產出的原油將通過穿梭油輪運送至陸上。
Petrobras has started up test flows from its Sepia field in the Santos basin as the Brazilian company’s board also gave the go-ahead to open talks on asset sales in Argentina and at home onshore.The early productions system at the pre-salt field was started with the BW Offshore Cidade de Sao Vicente floating production, storage and offloading system, the state oil giant said on Wednesday.Output during the test period is set to be around 20,000 barrels per day of oil from the 1-RJS-691 well.The floater is expected to remain on site for around 180 days during the test period.Production from the field, which lies about 185 kilometres from the Rio de Janeiro coast, will be transported in shuttle tankers.
里約州政府遭眾石油公司起訴
近日，Shell, Statoil, Chevron, Galp Energia和Repsol Sinopec石油公司對里約州政府提起了集體訴訟，抗議其提出的的提高石油稅收的7182號和7183號法案，新法案即將于3月29日生效。與此同時，巴西石油勘探和開發聯盟（ABEP）也因同樣的原因于2月29日對里約州政府提其了訴訟。
里約熱內盧州是巴西石油重鎮，其石油和天然氣產量分別占巴西總產量的68%和44%。由于國際原油價格持續低迷，里約州政府的財政收入大幅縮水。為了彌補財政收入的不足，應對于今年舉行的奧運會，里約州政府于去年年底提出了提高石油稅收的7182號和7183號法案。根據新法案，Campos盆地產出的每桶原油的平頭稅將增加2.71雷亞爾，且每桶原油的商品和服務稅將被調至18%。里約州政府預計新法案的實施將使其今年的財政收入增加18億雷亞爾。
Top international oil companies with assets off Brazil have joined forces to fight a new law that establishes further tax-ation for exploration and production of hydrocarbons in Rio de Janeiro state, writes Fabio Palmigiani.Shell, Statoil, Chevron, Galp Energia and Repsol Sinopec this week filed a class action to prevent the law — which would charge a flat tax of 2.71 reais ($0.67) and impose an 18% goods and services tax on every barrel of oil equivalent produced in the Campos basin — coming into force on 29 March.The Rio de Janeiro government expects the tax will raise about 1.8 billion reais this year, slightly more than the 1.6 billion reais it is losing on oil royalties because of the sharp fall in crude prices.“Shell understands that fiscal predictability is one of the major factors behind its investment decisions. The company believes that development policies in the oil and gas sector will increase revenue on regional, state and federal levels,” the company said.Several cities in Rio de Janeiro saw their finances collapse last year, as they are heavily dependent on oil royalties.
巴油撤銷Bijupira-Salema油田股權交易
就在殼牌石油公司宣布取消向PetroRio公司出售其Bijupira-Salema油田80%股權的交易之后，巴西國家石油公司也撤銷了向PetroRio公司出售其20%股權的交易。巴油和殼牌將繼續分別持有Bijupira-Salema油田20%和80%的股權。
PetroRio公司于2015年1月和殼牌公司達成協議，計劃以1.5億美元的價格收購殼牌公司在Bijupira-Salema油田的80%股權，及在該油田作業的Fluminense FPSO。該FPSO可日產7萬桶原油和200萬立方米天然氣。此外，PetroRio公司還于2015年7月和巴油達成協議，計劃以2500萬美金的價格從巴油手中收購了Bijupira-Salema油田剩余的20%股權，但該股權轉讓交易尚未獲得巴西國家石油管理局（ANP）的批準。
目前巴油和殼牌石油公司均未透露該交易被撤銷的原因。PetroRio公司表示，將會繼續通過收購油氣資產來擴張其在巴西的業務。
Brazil’s Petrobras has quashed its deal to sell out of the Bijupira-Salema field in the Campos basin to compatriot independent PetroRio, two weeks after Anglo-Dutch supermajor Shell also canned its stake sale agreement.The move by the beleaguered state oil giant means it will remain on 20% at the field, with Shell remaining on 80%.In a brief statement late on Monday Petrobras did not explain why it had decided to terminate the stake sale agreement with PetroRio that had been hatched on 1 July.The deal was worth $25 million but had not been sanctioned by Brazil’s market regulator ANP.Shell announced in mid-February that it had cancelled negotiations to sell its share of the field to PetroRio, also axing the planned sale of the Fluminense floating production, storage and offloading vessel to the same player.The deal was to be worth $150 million.“Shell cannot elaborate on why the deal was not concluded because the terms of the negotiation are confidential,” the company said at the time.PetroRio said after Shell cancelled the sale that it will continue its growth strategy through the acquisition of producing fields.The Fluminese FPSO has production capacity of 70,000 barrels per day of oil and 2 million cubic metres per day of natural gas.
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- 李曉天
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石油圈認證作者
- 畢業于上海交大，后遠赴巴西攻讀海洋工程博士學位。長期從事巴西海洋油氣市場的研究，并創辦有《巴西海洋工程資訊》及SinoBrazilOffshore微信公眾號。
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