BG公司申請延長其石油區塊的作業期限
近日，BG石油公司向巴西國家石油管理局（ANP）提出申請，希望延長其位于Barreirinhas盆地的石油區塊的作業期限，這些區塊包括：BAR-M-215, BAR-M-217, BAR-M-252, BAR-M-254, BAR-M-298, BAR-M-300, BAR-M-340, BAR-M-342, BAR-M-344 和 BAR-M-388。BG公司于2013年購得這些石油區塊，隨后雇傭CGG公司對13500平方公里的區域進行三維地震勘測，然而該勘測項目被擱置了一年半直到去年年底才獲得巴西環境管理局Ibama的批準。BG公司希望巴西石油管理局相應的延長其作業期限從而彌補審批遲誤給公司帶來的時間上的損失。
BG has asked the National Petroleum Agency (ANP) to suspend the contracts for the blocks that it operates in the Barreirinhas Basin. The oil company wants an extension of the contract deadlines in the area equal to the delays in obtaining the environmental licenses for activities in the region.The request covers the contracts for blocks BAR-M-215, BAR-M-217, BAR-M-252, BAR-M-254, BAR-M-298, BAR-M-300, BAR-M-340, BAR-M-342, BAR-M-344 and BAR-M-388. The areas were sold in 2013. The first exploratory period for the blocks ends in August 2018. BG contracted a 1,3500 km2 survey of 3D data in the area by CGG, but approval for the project by the regularoty agency Ibama took almost a year and a half and work on the survey did not begin until the end of 2015.
巴油在Papa Terra油田面臨挑戰
巴西國家石油公司（Petrobras）于2013年11月開始使用P-63 FPSO對Papa Terra油田進行商業開發，然而時隔兩年，目前Papa Terra油田的產量僅為19,000 bpd，遠遠低于P-63 FPSO 140,000 bpd的設計產能，且產出中水的比例居高不下。為此，巴油正計劃于明年在該油田注射聚合物，提高注入水的黏性，進而提高產能。巴油作為Papa Terra油田的作業者擁有其62.5%的股權，Chevron則擁有其剩余的37.5%的股權。
Brazilian giant only seeing output of 19,000 barrels per day of oil at flagship development in Campos basin, but is optimisticBrazilian state-controlled oil company Petrobras is facing on?going challenges at the Papa Terra heavy oil field, a groundbreaking offshore development in the deep waters of the Campos basin.It is proving tough for the company to boost output amid high water production at the field.Petrobras started production from Papa Terra in November 2013 by means of the P-63 floating production, storage and offloading vessel.Converted from the very large crude carrier BW Nisa at Cosco Shipyard in China, the P-63 is able to produce 140,000 barrels per day and 1 million cubic metres per day of natural gas, with re-injection capacity of 340,000 bpd of water.However, more than two years after first oil, Papa Terra is only producing 19,000 bpd of oil, and as much again of water.The operator is staying optimistic.“Papa Terra is still at its early phase of production development and, at this stage, variations in the production curve are normal,” Petrobras said.
To deal with the considerable amount of water that is already being produced and in an effort to increase recovery, Petrobras is studying using a pilot project of polymer injection at the field next year.The use of the polymer solution is designed so that the injected water is mixed with the polymer to increase the viscosity of the water, enabling Petrobras to extract more oil.“From the information obtained to date, the company is working to adjust the project so it can increase oil production,” said Petrobras.The combined Papa Terra development also features the P-61 dry-tree tension-leg wellhead platform, which is linked to the Beta tender assist rig, and helps serve the P-63.The P-61 was finally deployed in the field in March 2015 after a complex marine installation process that lasted over a year due to severe weather conditions.Papa Terra was planned to be developed using 17 subsea completed wells, including six oil producers, 10 water injectors and one gas injector connected to the P-63 through flexible risers with electric heating, and another 13 surface completed wells at the P-61.
All 19 oil production wells are to be fitted with submersible centrifugal pumps, with output from the TLWP transferred in a multi-phase flow to the FPSO, located some 350 metres away.“The system itself is very complex and expensive. In addition, the use of the TLWP is something new to Petrobras. This is the first such unit ever to operate in Brazil, but despite the novelty of the project, the oil flows from Papa Terra are definitely disappointing,” said one source.Well PPT-16, the first with dry completion linked to the P-61, is only producing about 3500 bpd, almost half the average of the wells connected to the P-63 FPSO.That same well was disconnected from the P-61 last June for maintenance due to problems at the submersible centrifugal pump, and output was only restored two months later.Papa Terra produced a record 33,900 bpd in June 2014 with five horizontal wells linked to the FPSO on stream.
According to data from market regulator ANP, there are now only three of these wells in operation, plus the PPT-16 at the P-61. Papa Terra is producing 15 degrees API oil from three turbidite sandstone reservoirs, comprising one of Eocene age and two of Cretaceous age.According to Petrobras, there is no estimated date to reach peak production of 140,000 bpd at Papa Terra, as future flows will depend on the productivity of new wells that have yet to be drilled by the Beta tender assist rig.Petrobras operates Papa Terra with a 62.5% stake and is partnered by US supermajor Chevron with the remaining 37.5%.
PGN公司旗下第三個陸上氣田投產
2月1日，巴西Parnaiba Gas Natural (PGN)公司位于Parnaiba盆地的Gaviao Branco氣田開始生產，該氣田是PGN公司投產的第三個氣田，預計天然氣儲量達32.4億立方米。PGN公司計劃通過八口生產井使該氣田產量達到1.5 MMcmd。此外，與Gaviao Branco氣田臨近的Gaviao Vermelho氣田也已于去年12月底投產。與此同時，PGN公司還已完成了總長80公里的天然氣管線建造工作，用于運輸產自Gaviao Branco和其他臨近氣田的天然氣。目前PGN公司天然氣總產量為4.9 MMcmd，主要來自Gaviao Real氣田。PGN公司預計其天然氣產量將于今年中旬達到8.4 MMcmd。
BRAZILIAN independent Parnaiba Gas Natural (PGN) has started production at its third natural gas field in the onshore Parnaiba basin.Output at the Gaviao Branco field, estimated to hold 3.24 billion cubic metres of gas in place, began on 1 February. PGN expects to link a total of eight wells in the area to reach production of 1.5 million cubic metres per day of gas.PGN also finished constructing the infrastructure — 80 kilometres of pipes that cost 500 million reais ($126.2 million) — to receive the gas from Gaviao Branco and other fields expected to enter production soon in the Parnaiba basin.The gas treatment unit is able to handle 5 million cubic metres per day and will also process gas from the Gaviao Branco Sudeste, Gaviao Caboclo and Gaviao Branco Norte fields.In late December, PGN started production from the nearby Gaviao Vermelho field. PGN is currently producing about 4.9 MMcmd, mostly from the Gaviao Real field, but estimates output will grow to 8.4 MMcmd by the middle of the year.
巴油探明油氣儲量下降20%
近期，巴西國家石油公司（Petrobras）在一份報告中稱，其2015年探明油氣儲量較去年下降了20%，僅為105.16億桶原油當量，是自2001年以來的最低水平。依靠位于巴西的Albacora Leste和Golfinho石油發現，以及位于阿根廷的EI Mangrullo石油發現，巴油2015年的探明儲量僅增加了2000萬桶原油當量。而巴油2015年共產出9.32億桶原油當量。此外，受技術標準變化和經濟因素的影響，巴油探明儲量又被砍掉了16.9億桶原油當量。根據美國證券交易委員會的標準，巴油2015年的探明儲量為87.74億桶原油和2784億立方米天然氣。
Petrobras reported that its proven reserves fell 20% in 2015 to 10.516 billion barrels of oil equivalent, reaching their lowest level since 2001.Petrobras booked proven reserves of 8.774 billion barrels of oil and 278.4 billion cubic metres of natural gas in 2015. The figures are in accordance with US Securities & Exchange Commission standards.Petrobras added just 20 million barrels of oil equivalent of new proven reserves in 2015, related to the discovery of new accumulations close to existing infrastructure in the Albacora Leste and Golfinho fields in Brazil, and the El Mangrullo field in Argentina.Petrobras produced a total of 932 million boe last year and chopped its proven reserves by 1.69 billion boe based on technical criteria and economic factors amid sharp falls in oil prices.
巴油將遣散Marlim油田的所有生產平臺
由于產能過剩，巴油將于近期遣散位于Marlim油田的所有生產平臺，轉而用兩艘新的FPSO代替。這兩艘FPSO的總產能為100,000 bopd。目前，位于Marlim油田的生產平臺的最大設計產能為750,500 bopd，而2015年Marlim油田的產量僅為184,800 bopd，產出中水的比例過高是主要問題所在。Marlim油田平均每生產一桶原油，就會產出幾乎一桶半的水。巴西國家石油管理局（ANP）已要求巴油采取措施提高Marlim油田的采收率。
Petrobras will decommission all of the platforms of the Marlim field in the campos Basin, and replace them with two new units foreseen in the asset’s revitalization plan. The measure is part of a review of the agreed development plan as approved by the National Petroleum Agency (ANP) at the end of last year. The two new FPSOs that will be installed in the area willhave capacity to process 100,000 bopd.Currently, installed processing capacity in the fields is 750,500 b/d, distributed between seven production platforms. However, only a quarter of that capacity is busy with oil production. In 2015, Marlim produced 184,800 bopd.The problem is that for every barrel of oil produced, the field produces almost a barrel and a half of water. In 2015, Marlim produced 256,000 b/d of water, totaling 440,000 bopd and water.The requirements of the ANP call for investments to boost the recovery factor of the assets, managing the production of water and access to new sections of the reservoirs.Asked to comment, Petrobras had not responded by the time this article was prepared for publication.
巴西2015年油氣產量再創歷史新高
2月2日，巴西國家石油管理局（ANP）發布了去年12月份巴西境內的油氣生產統計數據。據數據顯示，巴西境內去年12月份的油氣產量為2.532 MMboed, 較11月份增長了6.42%。2015年全年巴西境內的油氣產量為2.436 MMboed, 較2014年增長了8.8%，是巴西油氣產量的歷史最高水平。
Brazilian oil production grew 8.8% in 2015, reaching 2.436 million barrels/day, which represents the highest result in history. This growth was possible thanks to the Santos Basin, where pre-salt operations offset losses in the nation’s major oil province, the Campos Basin, which lost an average of 50000 b/d.On February 2, Brazil’s National Petroleum Agency (ANP) released data from December, when production stood at 2.532 million b/d, which was 6.42% higher than in November.
油公司起訴里約政府抗議其稅收政策
近日，Galp, Statoil, Shell和Chevron石油公司分別雇傭律師事務所對里約州政府提起個人訴訟，抗議其于去年年底批準的提高石油稅收的7182和7183號法案。與此同時，巴西石油協會（IBP）也將代表其所有的入會企業對里約州政府提起聯合訴訟。按計劃這兩項稅收法案將于三月底生效，這將威脅到包括巴油，BG及Petrorio在內的眾多在里約進行油氣生產活動的石油公司的利益。
Galp, Statoil, Shell and Chevron are hiring law firms to file individual lawsuits against Law 7182 and Law 7183 imposing new taxes on companies with oil and gas production in Rio de Janeiro, sanctioned by Gov. Luiz Fernando Pezao in the end of 2015. The tendency is that the individual suits will emphasize obtaining preliminary injunctions against the new measures. The legal disputes must be initiated between February and March of this year.In addition to the individual initiatives, the Brazilian Petroleum Institute (IBP) will file a joint suit representing all of its member companies.The two laws will come into force at the end of March, if Pezao does not veto the new measures. The new tax rates also threaten Petrobras, BG and Petrorio, companies that also have production projects in the state.
巴油或將于3月份發布修訂后的未來五年投資計劃
據悉，巴西國家石油公司（Petrobras）目前正在就其最新修訂的未來五年投資計劃的細節進行商議，預計將于未來數周內向外界正式發布。據巴油總經理Aldemir Bendine稱，新的投資計劃將把油價下跌和巴幣貶值的因素考慮在內，公司將盡一切可能提高運營效率，應對此次油氣市場的寒冬。巴油于1月12日宣布將其2015-2019年的投資計劃從1303億美元下調至984億美元，降幅達25%。由于投資被大幅削減，巴油也相應的將其2020年的產量目標從2.8 MMbpd下調至2.7MMbpd。同時，巴油今年的產量目標也從2.185 MMbpd被降至了2.145 MMbpd，較去年僅增加了0.8%。
Petrobras is working on the final details of its new five-year business plan, and intends to make a formal announcement to the market within the next few weeks, writes Fabio Palmigaini.According to Petrobras chief executive Aldemir Bendine, the new investment plan that will run to 2020 will factor in the sharp drop in oil prices and the depreciation of the Brazilian real versus the US dollar.“The current level of Brent prices is something quite challenging for the company, and these price swings seen in recent weeks are one of the main reasons why we are debating with caution the new business plan,” Bendine said.He said Brent prices are not expected to recover in the short-term, adding that Petrobras is investing to improve its efficiency, so it can be prepared for tough times in the near future. “We will be competitive, no matter if Brent prices remain on the low side, said Bendine.“We think about our projects for the long run, some 10, 20 years ahead, but I admit the current mindset is for low oil prices.“Of course we are worried with Brent trading at $30 per barrel, but it’s not the end of the world. We need to have discipline to be able to do our job in this scenario.”Pre-salt remains “extremely competitive”, said Bendine, adding the company will use all its technology and expertise to increase its efficiency to better develop its projects beneath the salt canopy.Bendine said: “We want the company to have a good capital structure. We want to be a low-cost company when it comes to the pre-salt development.”Bendine refused to set a specific date to release the new business plan, but suggested an announcement may happen in March.In mid-January, Petrobras revised down its investment plan through 2019, slashing spending by 25% to $98.4 billion, the lowest level since the $87.1 billion allocated to the 2007 to 2011 plan.
Rota 2天然氣管線項目獲批
2月5日，由Petrobras, BG, Petrogal和Repsol Sinopec公司組成的Cabiunas財團收到了巴西國家石油管理局（ANP）批準其運營Rota 2輸氣管線項目的授權書。Cabiunas財團必須在90天內向巴西國家石油管理局提交項目執行細節。Rota 2輸氣管線項目總投資49億雷亞爾，總長402公里，直徑24 inch, 用于連接位于Santos盆地的鹽下層氣田和位于Macae市的Cabiunas終端（Tecap），是巴西迄今為止最長的海上輸氣管線項目，可每日輸送天然氣1300萬立方米。
The Cabiunas consortium – consisting of Petrobras, BG, Petrogal and Repsol Sinopec – received autorization on February 5 from the National Petroleum Agency (ANP) to operate Rota 2. The gas pipeline connects the Santos Basin pre-salt cluster to the Cabiunas Terminal (Tecap) in Macae, in the state of Rio de Janeiro.The 24” diameter Rota 2 is 402 km in length (398 km offshore, 4 km onshore), and can transport up to 13 million m3/day of natural gas. The project investment was valued at 4.9 billion reais and is Brazil’s longest offshore pipeline.The consortium has up to 90 days to send the agency a detailed timeline of the actions necessary to ensure the adequacy of pipeline’s measurement systems to Tecap.
Libra油田地震勘測招標
巴西國家石油公司（Petrobras）將于2月15日對Libra油田東南區域的地震勘測服務進行招標，受邀參與本次招標的公司包括：CGG, Petroleum Geo-Services, Fugro, Polarcus, FairfieldNodal, TGS-Nopec 以及 Seabed Solutions。地震勘測工作計劃于今年下半年開工。此外，據消息稱，巴油還將于今年下半年對Libra油田西北區域的地震勘測服務進行招標。巴油曾于2014年對Libra油田的地震勘測服務進行過招標，但由于勘探面積太大，且適逢“洗車行動”的高峰，當時巴油并未收到任何競標文件。巴油計劃于2017年使用一艘日產5萬桶原油的FPSO對Libra油田進行早期生產測試。此外，巴油近期還正在對一艘用于Libra油田開發的FPSO進行招標，該FPSO計劃于2020年投產。巴油作為Libra油田的作業者擁有其40%的股權，殼牌和道達爾各擁有其20%的股權，中石油和中海油各擁有其10%的股權。
Brazilian oil giant Petrobras is due to receive bids on 15 February in a re-tender for the contracting of a new 3D seismic survey covering the south-eastern portion of the Libra field in the Santos basin pre-salt province, writes Fabio Palmigiani.Upstream understands that Petrobras has invited major seismic players, including CGG, Petroleum Geo-Services, Fugro, Polarcus, FairfieldNodal, TGS-Nopec and Seabed Solutions, to submit offers in the tender.The campaign will feature the acquisition, processing and interpretation of 1056 square kilometres of 3D seismic, preferably using multi-azimuth techniques, to be carried out in the beginning of the second half.The re-bid follows a tender launched in late 2014 that was cancelled after Petrobras received no proposals from contractors.One source said Petrobras is expected to launch a separate tender later this year, this time covering the seismic mapping of the north-west portion of Libra. The data to be collected will assist Petrobras in the future production development of the whole area.First oil from Libra is eyed for the first quarter of 2017 by means of the Pioneiro de Libra floating production, storage and offloading vessel.The 50,000-barrel per day unit will conduct a series of extended well tests at the field.Meanwhile, Petrobras is currently tendering for a larger FPSO to start output at Libra in 2020.The state-controlled company has recently postponed the date to receive commercial offer to 8 April from 11 February.Petrobras operates Libra with a 40% stake and is partnered by European majors Shell and Total with 20% each, and Chinese oil companies China National Petroleum Corporation and China National Offshore Oil Corporation with 10% each.
巴西政府將推出一籃子政策刺激油氣市場投資
巴西政府正在醞釀推出一籃子政策，刺激本國油氣領域的投資。巴西礦業和能源部主任Eduardo Braga表示，巴西政府正計劃延長在巴西前十輪油氣招標中售出區塊的作業期限，降低石油稅務，推行更具靈活性的本地化政策，同時還計劃將Repetro免稅政策的有效期從2020年延長至2040年。巴西政府延長油氣區塊作業期限的政策涵蓋1998年舉行的所謂“第零輪”油氣招標，這使巴油十幾個正在生產的油田的權益得到了保障。同時，巴西政府還計劃將Marlim, Barracuda, 及Albacora等大型油田的作業期限從2025年延長至2052年。此外，為刺激短期內的投資增長，巴西政府還要求各作業公司于180天內恢復其去年停產油田的生產。據巴西國家石油管理局（ANP）的統計數據顯示，目前共有39個小型油田符合該政策的條件，其中31個為陸上油田，8個為海上油田。這8個海上油田分別為：Namorado NE, Coral, Dourado, Piranema South, Cacao, Biquara, Dentao 和 Abalone。
The Brazilian government is preparing a stimulus package in an effort to inject new life into the country’s battered oil and gas sector, writes Fabio Palmigiani.Mines & Energy Minister Eduardo Braga said the government is drafting a proposal designed to extend concession contracts for blocks awarded in the first 10 licensing rounds, reduce oil royalties, give greater flexibility for local content rules and prolong the Repetro tax exemption for an additional 20 years.Meanwhile, the government is also preparing to send out an ultimatum, giving operators up to 180 days to resume output at non-?productive onshore and offshore fields, or areas that risk being returned and re-tendered at a future date.According to Braga, the goal is to make it easier for oil companies to invest in the Brazilian hydrocarbons sector, even at a time when oil prices are trading near their lowest level in 12 years.The extension of concession contracts will mainly benefit Petrobras and will cover areas awarded in the so-called Round Zero, held in 1998, which ratified the company’s rights over dozens of producing fields.The concession rights for big fields such as Marlim, Barracuda and Albacora are due to expire in 2025, and it is understood that the government is looking to provide an extension for an extra 27 years.Braga said the same logic will likely be applied for blocks acquired in the subsequent 10 ?licensing rounds.The plan also involves prolonging the Repetro initiative — a special tax regime in Brazil that allows for the import of goods destined for research and production activities in the oil and gas sector — for two more decades.Created in 1999 to help boost interest in the country after the end of Petrobras’ monopoly, the Repetro tax loophole is due to expire in 2020. Braga also said a possible reduction in oil royalties and changes to local content rules need more discussion, and will likely be presented at a later date.The government is also trying to secure more investments in the short term at existing fields by forcing oil companies to spend money to continue producing at areas where output ceased in the past year.According to data from market regulator ANP, there are 39 small fields in such conditions — 31 ?onshore and eight offshore.The list of offshore fields where production has been halted by more than a year includes Namorado NE, Coral, Dourado,Piranema South, Cacao, Biquara, Dentao and Abalone.All but one are operated by Petrobras. Abalone is operated by Shell.
美國司法部門重啟對SBM Offshore的腐敗調查
據SBM Offshore稱，美國司法部門近日又重新啟動了對SBM Offshore腐敗指控的調查。SBM被指控于2007年至2011年間在安哥拉，巴西及赤道幾內亞境內共計行賄約2億美金。為此，SBM已于2014年11月與荷蘭和美國當局達成了2.4億美元的賠償協議。SBM目前仍在就其和巴油的腐敗丑聞和巴西檢查機關進行談判，希望能夠得到寬大處理。據SBM于2月10日發布的年度財務報告顯示，其2015年凈收益為2400萬美元，遠低于其2014年8400萬美元的利潤。
Dutch vessel contractor SBM Offshore said the US Department of Justice has re-opened a previous inquiry into bribery allegations involving the company.The investigation into the floater specialist follows a record $240 million settlement that the company reached in November 2014 with Dutch and US authorities relating to corruption charges in Angola, Brazil and Equatorial Guinea.Those allegations against SBM involved an estimated $200 million in bribes paid between 2007 and 2011.As for the re-opened investigation, SBM said it is “seeking further clarification about the scope of the inquiry”.”(SBM) remains committed to close-out discussions on this legacy issue, which the company self-reported to the authorities in 2012 and for which it reached a settlement with the Dutch Public Prosecutor in 2014,” SBM said.SBM said in an annual financial update on Wednesday that ongoing discussions with with Brazilian authorities and state-owned Petrobras “have progressed”.The contractor has now set aside $245 million “for a possible settlement”.”While discussions are at an advanced stage, timing of a settlement announcement as well as the size of any potential final settlement amount remain to be confirmed,” SBM said.SBM has been in talks with the Brazilian comptroller general’s office about a leniency deal related to the corruption scandal at Petrobras.Last December, Brazilian prosecutors charged 12 people with involvement in the bribery scheme.SBM said the Justice Department has “made information requests in connection with that inquiry”.SBM reported net income of $24 million in 2015, a drop from $84 million in 2014.The result included non-recurring items that generated a net loss of $157 million – “all relating to compliance issues”, SBM said.
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- 李曉天
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石油圈認證作者
- 畢業于上海交大，后遠赴巴西攻讀海洋工程博士學位。長期從事巴西海洋油氣市場的研究，并創辦有《巴西海洋工程資訊》及SinoBrazilOffshore微信公眾號。
石油圈