在當前油田開發趨勢下，水平井的水平段長度增長已是必然，與之相對應的井筒清潔工作難度也將逐漸增加。在大位移井正常鉆進過程中, 鉆屑脫離鉆井液流向低邊井壁沉積, 此時環空分為穩定沉積層、沉積移動層、非均相的懸浮液流動層和假均相流動層, 使鉆井液流型和流變性更加復雜, 導致鉆井液懸浮體的均勻性被破壞；斜井中低邊井壁的鉆屑沉積層在停泵時會整體下滑, 使攜巖更為困難, 并易造成砂橋卡鉆。石油圈原創www.h29736.cn
斜井段容易形成穩定巖屑沉積層, 其厚度隨井斜角增大而增厚。隨著井斜角的增大, 巖屑的運動方向逐步偏離軸向, 而接近徑向運移, 從而形成巖屑床。同時, 隨著井斜角的增大, 鉆柱偏心躺在井筒的低邊井壁上, 鉆柱下側環空間隙變小, 使巖屑床清除更為困難。
在上周的技術專題中，小編為大家介紹了貝克休斯的EasyReach潤滑劑。在該潤滑劑的作用下，運營商成功將井下工具的摩阻系數降低了40%，并節約了大量的鉆機時間和作業成本。其實，EasyReach潤滑劑只是貝克EasyReach連續油管大位移井技術的冰山一角，而該服務還包括CIRCA模擬軟件和EasyReach大位移井工具兩種技術。
其中，EasyReach大位移井工具具有操作簡單、耐用、可靠性高，簡化了井下作業工具（BHA）組合，整體只有一個運動部件，是當之無愧的大位移井高效清潔大師。那么，就讓小編為大家揭開EasyReach工具的神秘面紗吧！石油圈原創www.h29736.cn
EasyReach通過使用連續油管將井筒清洗工具下放至井筒內，能夠實現全井筒清洗，不留任何死角。EasyReach工具通過“水錘效應”產生作用力，將連續油管工具下入井筒中，可達到常規連續油管無法企及的深度。同時，頻率低于10Hz的震動脈沖還會帶動工具震動，避免了工具的螺旋彎曲及遇卡問題，這樣既提高了下入深度，又完成了井筒清潔工作，大位移井的清潔效率因而大大提高。石油圈原創www.h29736.cn
該工具的設計過程中綜合考慮了BHA長度、流速限制以及壓降等因素，同時又保持了高水準的作業能力。與同類作業相比，EasyReach的操作不需要修井機的配合，對地層的傷害也極小。此外，EasyReach還能提供額外的牽引力，有效減少清砂次數，確保大位移井作業完整性。
EasyReach工具的直徑為2-7/8in（7cm），能夠與常規的連續油管井下工具完美對接。為了更好的完成作業，該工具還能針對每次作業情況對流量控制、牽引力優化以及工具壓降進行定制化設計。EasyReach還有一個獨立的液體轉向閥和出口設計，防止卡鉆事故發生。
應用范圍
- 井筒清洗作業；石油圈原創www.h29736.cn
- 超長水平井；
- 非常規油氣井、頁巖開發；
- 清砂作業；
- 大位移井。
特性與優勢
- 大馬力“水錘”工具：
—產生矩形壓力脈沖（<10Hz）；石油圈原創www.h29736.cn
—作業范圍覆蓋水平段全長；
—使用硝化液體工作；
—井筒清潔效率更高；
—下鉆次數更少，節約作業時間；
—井筒清洗完成后實現產量最大化。
- 工具設計簡潔：
—EasyReach穩定性高，整體只有一個移動部件；
—工作過程中不會發生意外熄火、遇卡現象。
- 工具直徑設計為2-7/8in：
—能夠與傳統的連續油管BHA工具無縫對接；
—適合液體噴射及井筒清洗作業；
—連續油管或是單根油管都可與EasyReach聯合使用。石油圈原創www.h29736.cn
應用案例：拯救低產，重回巔峰
在哈薩克斯坦西部的Oblast油田，開發商為了優化生產、降低操作成本，決定將鉆井策略由垂直井向水平井轉移。同時，為了延長井的使用壽命，提高開采效率并延緩水浸的發生，將現有垂直井向水平井轉變勢在必行。當然，作業計劃難度也會隨之增加，例如大位移井能夠顯著提高井筒與油藏接觸面積，但是其鉆井難度也非垂直井可比。
作業難度主要體現在，普通的連續油管無法觸及全長為1200m（3937ft）水平段的根部。造成這一難題的原因是：連續油管與井壁的摩擦力太大，導致其在到達井底之前就被井筒卡住了。
開發商決定使用貝克休斯的EasyReach大位移井連續油管服務，改變鉆井策略。
EasyReach作業目標井的測量深度達到了6492m（21300ft）。CIRCA模擬軟件預測連續油管遇卡會發生在井深6312m處,而第一趟下入連續油管的遇卡位置恰好為6234m，作業工具無法觸及剩余的水平段。通過使用EasyReach工具后，連續油管的下入深度增加了250m，使作業工具得以覆蓋整個水平井段。
這短短的250m為開發商解決了一直困擾著他們的大問題：BHA工具終于達到了普通CT工具送達的位置，后續磨銑及酸化增產作業也有望成為可能。毫無疑問，選擇貝克休斯的EasyReach來進行大位移井作業是對效率和效果的雙重保障。石油圈原創www.h29736.cn
小編手中還握有EasyReach和貝克休斯其他技術的更多資料哦，想獲??？很簡單：請將此文章分享至朋友圈，發送截圖和郵箱地址至石油圈微信后臺。小編會將資料打包奉上，發送至您的郵箱！還有機會與技術專家溝通交流哦~
來自/Baker Hughes ? 譯者/張德凱 ? 編輯/Leia
As lateral sections of horizontal wells become longer, cleanout operations become more difficult. The Baker Hughes EasyReachTMextended-reach tool gives operators a simple, robust, and reliable tool to facilitate cleanout operations. It allows coiled-tubing-deployed cleanout assemblies to clean efficiently to total depth. The EasyReach tool uses the water-hammer effect, which generates traction forces that pull the tubing into the well. These periodic pulses of less than 10Hz also vibrate the tubing, which allows continual dynamic friction and extends the lateral range of the tubing by delaying the onset of helical buckling and lockup, resulting in efficient cleaning times.
With only one moving part, the patented EasyReach extended-reach tool is a simplified bottomhole assembly (BHA) that aids in cleaning efficiency.
The tool balances the length of the BHA, flow-rate limitations, and pressure drop compared to the enhanced reach capability. It bypasses the need for a workover rig and reduces formation damage. The EasyReach tool provides additional pull on the coiled-tubing BHA and provides an effective method to decrease toe preps and sand cleanout times and reliably reach total well depth.
Manufactured in 27/8-in.(7-cm) diameter, the tool is compatible with typical coiled-tubing BHAs. It provides customized flow control to optimize pull forces and tool pressure drops for every well. The tool features an independent switch flow and vents to the wellbore to prevent stalling.
Contact your Baker Hughes representative or visit BakerHughes.com/EasyReach to find out how our EasyReach extended-reach tool can help you achieve quicker clean outs while maximizing production.
Applications
- Cleanout operations;
- Extended lateral sections of horizontal wells;
- Unconventional oil and gas shale wells;
- Toe preps;
- Sand cleanout;
- Extended-reach well service.
Features and benefits
- High-power water-hammer tool:
—Produces square wave pressure pulses (<10Hz);
—Extends reach in lateral sections of horizontal wells;
—Operates with nitrified fluids;
—Cleans wellbore more efficiently;
—Reduces time in wellbore with fewer short trips;
—Maximizes production.
- Mechanically simple:
—Performs reliably with only one moving part;
—Ensures the tool will not stall.
- 27/8-in.diameter:
—Compatible with typical coiled-tubing BHAs;
—Suitable for jetting, cleanout;
—Can be run on coiled and jointed tubing.
EasyReach Tool Brought Well Back to Production in Western Kazakhstan
To optimize production and cost, the drilling strategy in Western Kazakhstan Oblast has shifted from vertical to horizontal wells. Even existing vertical wells are being converted to horizontal to prolong their life, improve productivity index, and delay water encroachment. As a result, the client’s current drilling strategy is being expanded to drill more complex wells, such as extended-reach horizontal wells – to maximize reservoir contact.
As a result of this new drilling strategy, the client agreed to test the new Baker Hughes EasyReach? extended-reach coiled tubing service. The challenge was that the coiled tubing (CT) could not cover the entire 12-m-long (3,937-ft-long) horizontal section. This was due to the friction forces between the CT and the wellbore, which caused the CT to lock up before reaching total depth (TD).
The EasyReach high-power water-hammer tool was deployed in an extended-reach horizontal well that had a TD of 6492 m (21,300ft). The CIRCA? proprietary CT modeling software predicted lock-up at 6312 m (20,709ft). During the first run; the tool was activated, and lock-up actually occurred at 6234m (20,453 ft). The activation of the tool resulted in extending the reach of the CT by an additional 250m (820ft) and reaching TD. This additional reach was significant it helped the customer reach its objectives – to mill the ball and acid-stimulate the reservoir section that could not be reached with the standard CT bottomhole assembly (BHA).
Challenges
- Long lateral section of 1200 m (3,937ft);
- Friction forces between the CT and wellbore cause conventional CT sting to lock up before reaching TD;
- Traditional tractor tools and lubricants are not applicable in this specific well and BHA.
Baker Hughes solution
Activated the EasyReach high-power water-hammer tool with pumping fluid and incorporated it into BHA.
Results
- Provided superior extended-reach capabilities for CT, using the;
- EasyReach high-power waterhammer tool;
- Achieved greater lateral lengths, resulting in the customer reaching TD;
- Enabled customer to continue with milling and acid stimulation.
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