海上生產時，瀝青可不是那么招人喜歡。它們沉淀在生產管道、泵和各種配套設備中，如同在順暢的血液流通網絡中長出了結塊，堵塞了血管，導致整體機能都出現問題。不過現在有貝克休斯的FATHOM XT SUBSEA525抑制劑來幫忙，可以從根本上抑制瀝青沉淀的生成，“小劑量、低頻率的治療”更是讓操作更為輕松、簡單。
貝克休斯研發的FATHOM XT SUBSEA525抑制劑，性能優異、所需劑量小，可以有效控制深水井中的瀝青質沉淀，保證流體的流動更為順暢，減少生產管線和設備中的堵塞現象，降低治理成本。該抑制劑是專為海上施工所設計，采用了貝克休斯的專利認證技術和嚴格的實驗測評方法，以保證抑制劑能夠與海上設備完全兼容，實現低治理頻率下的有效性。
在生產中，原油在泵和管道中沉淀出的瀝青，會給生產帶來嚴重的問題，比如堵塞流動通道和設備。
[補充：在高含瀝青質油藏中，瀝青質可以在油氣生產整個過程中都發生沉積。近井地帶的瀝青質沉積會造成滲透率降低，改變巖石潤濕性，導致原油采收率降低；油管和流動管線中的沉積可以降低生產速度。另外，在生產設備中瀝青質也可發生沉積，例如在分離器中，瀝青質可形成穩定乳狀液從而造成油水分離問題。]
很多時候我們不得不停工對其進行整治，而為了達到了可接受的治理效果，治理的成本將會非常昂貴。
[補充：目前國內常用的清除瀝青質沉積方法有減小剪切力及壓力降、定期刮管清除、注入溶劑、注入分散劑等。一般來講，溶劑苯和硝基苯是抑制瀝青質聚沉和清除瀝青質沉積的最佳溶劑。經常使用的溶劑有芳香族化合物如苯、甲苯、二甲苯（溶解效果相對較好）等。但是其應用過程中容易出現問題：如，溶劑用量大，處理效果維持時間短，作業頻繁和環境污染等。]
同時，這些治理手段在很多時候都只能起到暫時緩解的作用，無法對瀝青沉淀問題進行根治。而FATHOM XT抑制劑則可以從根本上減低瀝青沉淀的風險，改善流動通道。在生產初期和整個油井生命周期中，FATHOM XT瀝青沉淀抑制劑的使用量都可以維持在一個較低的水平上。由于其使用劑量較小，因此也大大簡化了供應物流的工作量，減少了現場所需的儲存量，同時還降低了處理操作過程中的風險。
“當下，如何在提高產量的同時降低生產成本，這是擺在我們客戶面前的最嚴峻的挑戰之一?！必惪诵菟股嫌位瘜W劑部門的副經理Ruben DeVelasco說：“我們新研發的低劑量FATHOM XT抑制劑可以保護海底管道和設備免于遭受瀝青沉積的危害，幫助海底臍帶管和細小的套管系統免于發生堵塞和失效，從而提高油氣生產能力，減少可能的停工時間?！?/span>
該新型瀝青抑制劑采用了貝克休斯新型實驗室評測方法：瀝青解析離心穩定性分析法（ACSAA）。通過該方法，可以測試瀝青在不同原油類型中的穩定性，監測現場試驗效果?；谶@些數據，貝克休斯可以針對不同的原油類型和油井狀況，更加精確地研究適合它們的抑制劑。
[補充：不同類型的原油中瀝青質的穩定性和沉積情況不同，瀝青質與膠質一起構成原油的分散相，而石油烯構成原油的連續相。瀝青質的沉積取決于原油這一復雜膠體體系的穩定性。原油組成是引起瀝青質沉積的諸多原因中的一個主要因素。一般來說，原油中存在含量相近的飽和化合物、芳香族化合物，則認為原油中的瀝青質相對穩定。]
新型FATHOM XT SUBSEA525抑制劑是貝克休斯一種最新的高性能瀝青抑制劑（除此抑制劑之外，還包括適用于陸地油田的PAO3086型抑制劑）。這是貝克休斯在提高油井效率、優化生產、提高最終采收率上所做出的最新成果。
FATHOM XT SUBSEA525 瀝青抑制劑
來自貝克休斯的FATHOM XT SUBSEA525 瀝青抑制劑，性能優異、性價比較高。該抑制劑可以與瀝青相互作用，可以抑制不受歡迎的瀝青沉淀的生成。FATHOM XT SUBSEA525 瀝青抑制劑中的有效成分可以減少、抑制生產設備表面的瀝青結塊和沉淀。與市場上現有的瀝青抑制劑相比，只需要較少劑量的該產品，就可以達到相同甚至更好的效果。同時，該產品在產出液中不會出現乳化現象，即，其不會增加油、水的分離工作。
FATHOM XT SUBSEA525瀝青抑制劑為一種液體狀的有機化學劑，可以用于連續注入的施工作業中。該產品的注入量和注入速率基于瀝青問題的嚴重程度而定。連續注入濃度可以在100ppm到1000ppm的范圍內變化，具體要根據產油量的大小來決定，該濃度范圍對于大多數油田的施工作業來說都是合理的。
材料兼容性
適用范圍
1.金屬：316不銹鋼，超級雙相不銹鋼2507，鉻鎳鐵合金 625，304不銹鋼，耐熱鉻鎳鐵合金 825，雙相2205不銹鋼，哈氏合金 C-276；
2.塑料：尼龍6，鐵氟龍，聚醚醚酮，聚甲醛；石油圈原創www.h29736.cn
3.彈性體：丁腈橡膠N NBR，氫化丁腈橡膠，氯丁橡膠，三元乙丙橡膠，全氟醚橡膠4079，全氟化橡膠505。
不適用的范圍
1.金屬：4130合金鋼，410不銹鋼，氮羧酸50；
2.塑料：HD聚乙烯，聚丙烯，PVC；石油圈原創www.h29736.cn
3.彈性體：氟橡膠(VITON)。石油圈原創www.h29736.cn
特色和優勢
1.該產品是貝克休斯FATHOM XT系列產品中特別適用于海上油田的瀝青抑制劑，其可應用于海底臍帶管，治理效果顯著，可以保障深水水下生產液流的流動，在多數海底系統中的溫度范圍內，也可以在高壓下保持穩定得性能；
2.抑制瀝青沉淀，減少海上油田修井和停工時間；
3.該產品耐溫可達 (177°C)，可適用于井下的高溫環境，是電潛泵抑制瀝青沉淀的絕佳選擇；
4.該產品具備更優秀的抑制性能，產品的消耗量可以降至最低；
5.該產品在低溫高壓下環境下均具有較高的穩定性（在典型的低海底溫度40°F下，壓力最多可達到10,000 psi），可用于海底設備抑制瀝青沉淀，減小了海底臍帶管失效的風險。
適應性
1.深水；石油圈原創www.h29736.cn
2.臍帶注入；石油圈原創www.h29736.cn
3.海底管道；石油圈原創www.h29736.cn
4.海上油田作業。
譯者/周詩雨 ?編輯/魏亞蒙
Baker Hughes’ high-performance, low-dosage FATHOM? XT SUBSEA525 inhibitor can help control asphaltene deposition in deepwater wells, providing better flow assurance and reducing remediation costs by minimizing the risk of blockages in production lines and equipment. The inhibitor was designed and certified for offshore applications using a proprietary qualification protocol and a stringent laboratory evaluation method to enable full compatibility with subsea equipment and effective performance at low treatment levels.
During production, crude oils can deposit asphaltenes inside pumps and pipes, creating serious production issues such as plugged flow lines and clogged equipment, resulting in the need to stop operations and perform a costly remediation procedure to get production back online at acceptable levels.
Many times, these procedures only offer temporary relief. To lessen the risk of asphaltene deposition and enhance flow, the FATHOM XT inhibitor can be applied at low treatment levels during initial production and throughout the life of the well. The low dosage rate simplifies supply logistics, reduces onsite storage and lowers handling risk.
“Today, improving production while minimizing operating costs is one of the most critical challenges facing our customers,” said Ruben DeVelasco, Vice President, Upstream Chemicals at Baker Hughes. “We developed the new, low-dosage FATHOM XT inhibitor to help protect subsea pipelines and other equipment from asphaltene deposition, and umbilical lines and capillary tubing systems from plugging or failures, enhancing our customers’ production output with less remediation downtime than was previously possible.”
This new line of asphaltene inhibitors was developed using the company’s new laboratory evaluation method, the Analytical Centrifuge Stability Analysis for Asphaltenes or ACSAA method. This enables Baker Hughes to evaluate the stability of asphaltenes in various crude oils, and monitor the effectiveness of field treatments. Using these data, Baker Hughes can more precisely develop fit-for-purpose inhibitors for specific crude types and well conditions.
The FATHOM XT SUBSEA525 inhibitor is the first of a new line of high-performance asphaltene inhibitors, which also includes the PAO3086 inhibitor for land-based applications. And it is the latest example of Baker Hughes strategy to improve well efficiency, optimize production and increase ultimate recovery.
FATHOM XT SUBSEA525 asphaltene inhibitor
The high-performing, cost-efficient Baker Hughes FATHOM XT SUBSEA525 asphaltene inhibitor is designed to interact with asphaltenes and suppress the formation of troublesome deposits. The active components of FATHOM XT SUBSEA525 asphaltene inhibitor reduce or inhibit aggregation and deposition on production equipment surfaces. This product can provide equal or better asphaltene inhibition at lower dosage rates than existing asphaltene inhibitors. It is also nonemulsifying in produced water and will not cause oil or water treating upsets.
FATHOM XT SUBSEA525 asphaltene inhibitor is a liquid, organic chemical designed for continuous injection applications. The recommended treatment rates for this product depend on the severity of the asphaltene problem. A continuously injected rate of 100 to 1000 ppm, based on the volume of produced oil, is reasonable for most oilfield applications.
Materials compatibility
Suitable
Metals: 316 stainless steel, super duplex 2507, INCONEL 625, 304 stainless steel, INCOLOY 825, duplex 2205, HASTELLOY C-276
Plastics: nylon 6, TEFLON, PEEK, DELRIN
Elastomers: Buna N NBR, HNBR, neoprene, EPDM, KALREZ? 4079, CHEMRAZ 505
Not suitable
Metals: 4130 alloy steel, 410 stainless steel, NITRONIC? 50
Plastics: HD polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC
Elastomers: FKM (VITON)
Features and benefits
1.Qualified member of the FATHOM XT family of subsea-certified products
– Performs in subsea umbilical applications
– Effective deepwater flow assurance treatment
– Stable at high pressure over the range of temperatures found in many subsea systems
2.Inhibits asphaltene deposits
– Reduces workovers and downtime
3.Capillary approved up to 350°F (177°C) ，
– Suitable for downhole applications
– Excellent choice for systems with submersible pumps
4.Increased product performance
– Optimizes product consumption
5.Excellent low temperature, high pressure stability (up to at least 10,000 psiat typical low subsea temperatures; 40°F)
– Reduces risk of umbilical failure due to product instability
Applications
1.Deep water
2.Umbilical injection
3.Subsea pipelines
4.Offshore
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